Schengen Border Checks: Which European Countries?

# Schengen Area at 40: Border Checks return Amid Rising Security Concerns

brussels – The Schengen Area, a zone celebrated for allowing seamless travel across many European nations, is facing renewed challenges as several member states reinstate border controls. This development occurs as the area, which guarantees free movement to millions of EU citizens, residents, and visitors, commemorates its 40th anniversary.

## Key Facts About the Schengen Area:

Covers over 4.5 million square kilometers.
Encompasses a population of nearly 450 million people.
Facilitates approximately 3.5 million border crossings daily for work, study, or visits.
Allows roughly 1.7 million residents to live in one Schengen country while working in another.

## Nations Reinstate Border Controls

Multiple European nations have announced the reintroduction of temporary border controls, citing concerns ranging from terrorism to irregular migration.

Italy: Authorities have extended border checks along its Slovenian border until Dec. 18, 2025, citing ongoing security threats linked to migration routes and potential terrorist infiltrations.

Austria: Citing threats from irregular migration and the Russia-Ukraine war, Austria has implemented controls on its borders with Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia and Czechia, set to last until November 2025 and October 2025 respectively.

Denmark: Border controls at the german border, perhaps extending to all internal borders, will remain in effect until Nov. 11, 2025, due to concerns about sabotage, terrorism, and organized crime.

Norway: Increased infrastructure protection and general threats to the energy sector prompted the country to implement border controls at ports with ferry connections to the Schengen Area until November 2025.

Sweden: All internal borders, including land borders with Denmark, are under control until mid-November 2025, due to organized crime and terrorism threats.France: Until the end of October 2025, France maintains controls on all its internal borders due to persistent jihadist threats, antisemitic attacks, and irregular migration issues.

germany: Controls at land borders with multiple countries including France, Switzerland, Czechia and Poland are in place until mid-September 2025 due to migration and security concerns.

Slovenia: Border checks with Croatia and Hungary are extended until late December 2025, citing terrorism threats, organized crime, and hybrid threats.

Netherlands: Due to high levels of asylum applications and irregular migration, the Netherlands has implemented controls at its borders with Belgium and germany until early December 2025.Bulgaria: until the end of June 2025, bulgaria maintains controls on its border with Romania due to illegal migration and security risks.Spain: Implemented border checks until early July 2025, during the United National International Conference on Financing for Development with France and Portugal.## Reasons for Reintroducing Border Controls

The decision to reinstate border controls reflects a multifaceted approach to address specific threats:

Terrorism: Several nations cite the persistent threat of terrorist attacks and the risk of infiltration through migration flows. Irregular Migration: High levels of irregular migration and migrant smuggling are straining asylum systems and public services, prompting border controls.
Geopolitical Tensions: Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine and instability in the Middle East contribute to increased security risks.
Organized Crime: Threats from organized cross-border crime, including human and arms trafficking, are a significant concern.
* Specific Events: Major events like the Universal jubilee of the Catholic Church and international conferences necessitate heightened security measures.

## Schengen Borders Code

According to the EU Council website, the Schengen Borders Code allows member states to temporarily restore internal border checks if there is a “serious threat to public policy or internal security.” These checks should be a last resort and limited to a maximum of six months, extendable to two years under exceptional circumstances.## Impact on Travelers

Travelers within the Schengen Area should anticipate potential delays and increased scrutiny at borders. It is indeed advisable to carry valid identification and be prepared to provide reasons for travel if requested.

Country	Border	Start Date	End Date	Reason
Italy	Slovenia	2025-06-19	2025-12-18	Terrorism, Migration
Austria	Hungary, Slovenia	2025-05-12	2025-11-11	Irregular Migration, War in Ukraine
Denmark	Germany	2025-05-12	2025-11-11	Sabotage, Terrorism
France	multiple	2025-05-01	2025-10-31	Jihadist Threats, Migration
Germany	Multiple	2025-03-16	2025-09-15	Irregular Migration, Security

The Enduring Meaning of Schengen Area

The Schengen Area, established to foster economic and social integration, has evolved into a cornerstone of European identity. Despite current challenges, its underlying principles remain vital.

• Economic Impact: Eliminating border checks reduces trade costs and enhances the efficiency of the internal market.
• social Benefits: Free movement allows citizens to live,work,and study in different countries,promoting cultural exchange and labor mobility.
• Security Cooperation: Enhanced information sharing and coordinated border management are crucial for addressing cross-border crime and security threats.

Pro Tip: Travelers should always check the latest travel advisories and border control updates before planning trips within the Schengen Area.

Did You Know? The Schengen Area initially started with just five countries in 1985 and has expanded to include 25 of the 27 EU member states, along with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.

## Future Challenges and Adaptations

The Schengen Area faces ongoing challenges from migration crises, security threats, and geopolitical instability. Adapting to these challenges requires a balanced approach that preserves the benefits of free movement while ensuring effective border management and security.

Frequently Asked Questions About the Schengen Area

### Why are countries reintroducing border controls within the Schengen area?

Several European countries are reintroducing temporary border checks due to serious threats to public policy or internal security, including terrorism, organized crime, and migration pressures.

### Which countries within the Schengen Area have reintroduced border controls?

As of June 2025,countries such as Italy,Austria,Denmark,Norway,Sweden,France,Germany,Slovenia,the Netherlands,Spain and Bulgaria have reintroduced temporary border controls at various borders.

### How long can border checks last within the Schengen Area?

Under the Schengen Borders Code, internal border checks should be a last resort measure and limited to the period strictly necessary to respond to the threat, generally not lasting more than 6 months. In exceptional circumstances, they can be reintroduced for a maximum of two years.

### What events have triggered the reinstatement of border checks in the Schengen Area?

Events triggering border checks include major sport events, terrorist attacks or threats, continued high levels of irregular migration, and geopolitical tensions such as Russia’s war against Ukraine.

### Are the reintroduced border checks affecting air travel within the Schengen Area?

Yes, some countries, like Spain, are implementing border checks at internal air borders, affecting airports such as Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, and others.

What are your thoughts on the reintroduction of border controls? How do you think this will impact travel and trade within Europe? Share your comments below.

Which European countries are not part of the Schengen Area, but still participate in the schengen system?

Schengen Border Checks: Navigating the european Travel Landscape

The Schengen Area represents a cornerstone of free movement within Europe. Understanding which countries are part of this influential zone, and therefore subject to Schengen border control measures, is crucial for any traveler planning a European adventure. This article delivers an in-depth look at the Schengen Area, the member states, and the processes involved in border checks. We will explore the nuances of this system and provide you with the knowledge to navigate your travel plans effectively.

The Genesis of the Schengen Area: From vision to Reality

The Schengen Agreement, signed on June 14, 1985, in Schengen, Luxembourg marked a pivotal moment in European history.Initially, five countries – Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the netherlands – came together to abolish internal border controls in favor of shared external border management. This agreement evolved into the Schengen Area, a region where citizens and most foreign visitors can travel freely between member states without internal border checks. But which european countries actually signed and implemented the the agreement.

Key Dates in Schengen’s Development

• June 14,1985: Original Schengen Agreement signed.

• 1995: Implementation of the Schengen convention began.

• present: The Schengen Area continues to evolve, adapting to security challenges and expanding its membership.

Which Countries are Part of the Schengen Area and Subject to Border Checks?

currently, the Schengen Area comprises 27 European countries, encompassing a vast geographical space. Travelers should note that border checks are generally absent when crossing between schengen member states. However, external border controls at the Area’s perimeter are strictly enforced.

Here’s a list of the Schengen member states, which helps travelers stay informed on where to travel

Schengen Member Country	Joining Year	Notes
Austria	1995	Part of the original agreement
Belgium	1985	One of the founding members from the beggining
Bulgaria	Will be fully integrated in later 2024	Waiting for full implementation
Croatia	2023	Joined the in 2023
Czech Republic	2007	Fully operational member.
Denmark	1996	Participates under an opt-in agreement; specific rules apply.
Estonia	2007	Part of the Schengen Area
finland	1996	Full Member.
France	1985	A founding member of the Schengen Area.
Germany	1985	Another founding member.
Greece	2000	full Member.
Hungary	2007	Full Member.
iceland	2001	Non-EU member, part of Schengen.
Italy	1990	Full Member.
Latvia	2007	Part of the Schengen Area
Liechtenstein	2011	Non-EU member, part of Schengen.
Lithuania	2007	Full Member.
Luxembourg	1985	Also a Founder Member
Malta	2007	Full Member.
Netherlands	1985	Also Founding Member
Norway	2001	Non-EU member, part of Schengen.
Poland	2007	full Member.
Portugal	1995	joined the Schengen Area.
slovakia	2007	Established member.
Slovenia	2007	Fully participated sence 2007.
Spain	1995	Enjoys relaxed border controls
Sweden	1996	Full Member.
Switzerland	2008	Non-EU member, part of Schengen.

Critically important Note: The Schengen Area also includes non-EU countries such as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. These countries participate in the Schengen system but are not members of the European Union.

Border Checks: What to Expect

Travelers entering the Schengen Area from outside face thorough external border controls. These checks involve:

• Passport Verification: reviewing passports and/or other travel documents to confirm identity and nationality.
• Visa Checks: Verifying visa requirements for non-EU citizens. More data on visa requirements is available from the European Commission.
• Schengen Information System (SIS) searches: Scanning databases for alerts related to security threats.
• Customs Inspections: Checking goods and currency to ensure compliance with regulations.

The ease of movement within the Schengen Area can be significant for those holding Schengen visas or are otherwise eligible to travel visa-free.These are many benefits for those citizens, like not having to go through border checks.

Travel Tips for Navigating Schengen Borders

Planning ahead can streamline your experience at Schengen borders.

• Check Visa Requirements: Ensure you have the appropriate visa if required.
• Validate Dates: Check the dates on your entry or visa. Make sure you are within the validity perior.
• Keep Documents Handy: always have your passport,visa,and any other required documentation ready. It can also be helpful to keep any other information about residency.
• Declare Goods: If carrying items that need declaration, do so honestly and timely.
• Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date on current travel advice and border control updates.

Benefits of the Schengen Area

The Schengen Area offers several notable benefits:

• Free Movement: The most significant benefit is the ease of travel within the zone, without internal border checks.
• Economic Advantages: Facilitates trade, tourism, and business.
• Enhanced Security: While the goal is open travel, the Schengen system also includes robust external border controls to maintain security.

Understanding which European countries participate in the Schengen Area, and the procedures surrounding border checks, is critical for any traveler. By following the guidance provided, you can confidently plan and enjoy your travels within this remarkable travel zone.