These twisted underground caverns can be home to long-running mysteries and tales and lead to pirate treasure or a vampire’s nest — if you’ve watched ’80s movies like “The Goonies” or “The Lost Boys.”
However, many of these hidden natural networks and the wonders within them remain unexplored, as they are dangerous and sometimes inaccessible.
Technological advances can help scientists overcome the challenges of investigating these underground systems – and beyond. In our quest for extraterrestrial life, extraterrestrial caves may contain the clues we hope to find.
other worlds
A robot called ReachBot may become the first explorer to crawl into the caves of Mars to search for microbes.
The robot will communicate with a surface vehicle that can provide power, analyze cave samples and relay images back to Earth.
The ReachBot team has received funding to build and test a prototype in caves on Earth similar to what might be encountered on Mars.
ocean secrets
Coral reefs, which extend for more than 600 miles (965.6 kilometers) from Mexico to Honduras, provide food and rich habitats for marine life. But the endangered species that use these reefs to move between north and south could swim straight into danger and fall prey to illegal fishing practices.
Now, sharks that use this route have unexpected new allies in the local communities along the reef – fishermen intent on protecting the vital ecosystem.
we are Family
Fossils of early human ancestors found inside the Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa are a million years older than previously thought.
The fossils belong to the genus Australopithecus, an ancient hominin that was initially thought to have lived 2 million to 2.6 million years ago. Now, researchers believe these ancient ancestors were about 3.4 million to 3.6 million years ago.
around the universe
Soon, we will be able to see the universe in a whole new way.
The images are expected to show how galaxies interact and grow, offer a glimpse into the violent life cycle of stars and even a colorful peek inside the spectrum of an exoplanet — or how wavelengths of light reveal properties of other worlds.
wonderful creatures
Giant pandas taste bamboo, but that wasn’t always the case. The ancestors of rare bears had a more diverse diet, which included meat.
The panda developed the figure to help it stick to the woody stems of the plant.
The fossil also revealed a mystery about the thumb, which turned out to be an evolutionary compromise of the giant panda.
discoveries
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