2024-03-02 21:36:40
Introduction
Modafinil General IUPAC Name CAS No. 68693-11-8 ATC Code N06BA07 DrugBank DB00745 PubChem 4236 SMILES InChI Appearance white solid (White is the color of a body heated to approximately 5,000 °C (see…) Chemical properties Raw formula C15H15NO2S
Mass (The term mass is used to designate two quantities attached to a…) molar 273.35 ± 0.019 g·mol-1 Physical properties Melting temperature (In physics and metallurgy, fusion is the passage of a body from the solid state to the state…) 164 to 166 °C Optical properties Rotational power + 79 ° (10 g·l-1, chloroform (Chloroform or trichloromethane is an organochlorine chemical compound with the formula…) , 22 °C, 589.3 nm) Precautions Directive 67/548/EEC S-phrases: 24/25, Data (In information technology (IT), data is an elementary description, often…) pharmacokinetics Protein binding 60% Metabolism (Metabolism is the set of molecular and energetic transformations…) hepatic Half-life (The half-life is the time taken by a substance (drug, radioactive nucleus, or others) to… ) of elimination. 12–3 p.m. Excretion urine (Urine is a biological fluid composed of body waste. Urine is…) Therapeutic considerations Route of administration oral SI & CNTP units, unless otherwise indicated (One indication (from Latin indicare: to indicate) is advice or recommendation, written…) contrary.
Modafinil is one of the stimulants used medically in the treatment of narcolepsy (Narcolepsy or Gélineau disease is a serious neurological condition…) and idiopathic hypersomnia (Idiopathic hypersomnia is a very rare disease characterized by drowsiness…). It allows people who suffer from unusual fatigue to stay awake without side effects or ineffective work performance. However, it sometimes causes irritation, intestinal problems and other side effects. The usual prescription is one pill upon awakening; its effects last for almost the entire day, but do not prevent the person from sleeping at normal times. It is prescribed under the brand names Provigil®, Modiodal®, Alertec® and Modasomil®.
The dosage (In analytical chemistry, dosage is the action of determining the quantity…) varies from 1×100 mg per day (The day or day is the interval between sunrise and sunset; it is the…) at 2×200 mg per day (the second approximately 4 hours following waking up), and is more effective on naive users. The half-life in the human body is approximately 15 hours. Among the many adverse effects listed, only headache was statistically significant with an increase of 5%, the others being approximately 1% higher than placebo.
The central stimulatory effect of modafinil shows the effects of dose and time. The effect tends to be increased by chlorination but reduced by methylation. Modafinil blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine by the noradrenergic terminals on the neurons causing sleep. la…) of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Such a mechanism would be at least partially responsible for the awakening effect of modafinil.
Bibliography
- Béatrice Bantman, “A pill to awaken the military”, in Le Monde, May 17, 1989
- Jean-Yves Nau, “The first “anti-sleep” drug”, in Le Monde, November 19, 1994
- National Assembly, May 15, 2001, information report from the National Defense and Armed Forces Committee at the conclusion of the work of an information mission) on the conditions of engagement of French soldiers who were able to expose them, during of the Gulf War and subsequent operations in the Balkans, with specific health risks
- “A pill for an endless day”, in Le Monde, August 23, 2004
- Yves Bordenave and Cécile Prieur, “The guinea pigs of the Gulf War”, in Le Monde, December 18, 2005
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