Zagreb, Croatia – A growing number of foreign workers are facing hostility and exploitation in Croatia as the country struggles with a severe labor shortage, particularly in the vital tourism sector. Reports of racist attacks are on the rise, casting a shadow over the economic benefits of increased immigration. The experiences of workers like D.D., a 27-year-old Indian delivery driver, highlight a troubling trend of vulnerability and isolation for those drawn to Croatia by the promise of work.
D.D., who requested anonymity, recounts being spat upon and verbally abused on two occasions while working. He reports hearing shouts of “go back to your country” and having his delivery bag targeted by groups of young people. These incidents, while deeply disturbing, are becoming increasingly common, according to reports from workers and advocacy groups. Croatia’s growing reliance on foreign labor, particularly since joining the Schengen Area in 2023, is colliding with societal challenges in adapting to a more diverse population.
Croatia’s Demographic Shift and Labor Needs
Croatia has experienced a significant population decline over the past decade, with an estimated 400,000 residents leaving to seek opportunities in wealthier nations, according to the World Bank. This demographic shift has created a critical labor shortage, prompting the government to actively recruit workers from Asia and other regions. In 2025, approximately 40% of the 170,000 work permits issued were granted to citizens of Nepal, the Philippines, and India, primarily for roles in tourism, hospitality, and construction.
Many of these workers arrive in Croatia without speaking the local language or having established social networks, leaving them particularly vulnerable to exploitation. The country’s traditionally homogenous society – with over 90% of the population identifying as Croatian and around 80% as Roman Catholic – has limited experience with large-scale immigration from outside of Europe, contributing to cultural tensions.
Reports of Exploitation and Lack of Support
Beyond the threat of physical and verbal abuse, many foreign workers report facing exploitative working conditions. Workers’ rights groups and unions allege that some employers provide inadequate housing – often overcrowded and unsafe – and impose unfair financial penalties. Kresimir Zovak of the Novi Sindikat union recently told television reporters that rents for these substandard accommodations often consume a significant portion of workers’ already low wages. Hasan, an Indian delivery driver who similarly requested anonymity, claimed he was charged €270 per month to share a room with five other men and faced fines for minor infractions, such as receiving visitors. He described the situation as “pure extortion,” stating he was forced to work twelve-hour days, seven days a week, feeling like “their slaves.”
Wolt, a food delivery company employing many foreign workers, has acknowledged that many incidents of abuse go unreported to the police. This reluctance to report stems from fears of retaliation and a lack of trust in the system.
Growing Anti-Immigrant Sentiment
Public opinion in Croatia appears to be shifting negatively towards foreign workers. A recent survey by the Institute for Migration Research (IMR) found that over 60% of Croatians are dissatisfied with the presence of foreign workers, a significant increase from 46% a year earlier. Less than 1% of respondents indicated they would welcome a foreigner into their family. Concerns about the impact on wages, employment, and cultural differences are fueling this sentiment, with some right-wing politicians capitalizing on these fears by invoking the rhetoric of “population replacement” – a term often associated with far-right anti-immigration movements.
Government Response and Future Outlook
The Croatian government has condemned the violence against foreign workers and has taken steps to improve their protection, including requiring language proficiency tests for workers intending to stay in the country long-term. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Croatia in June 2025, the first by an Indian Prime Minister since diplomatic ties were established in 1992, signaled a strengthening of bilateral relations and a focus on addressing the needs of the Indian diaspora, as noted in the India-Croatia Leaders’ Statement. But, the underlying issues of integration, social acceptance, and worker protection remain significant challenges.
Despite these efforts, D.D. Expresses difficulty integrating without language skills, while Hasan has found a new employer after leaving the exploitative situation. The situation underscores the need for comprehensive policies that not only address Croatia’s labor needs but also prioritize the well-being and rights of migrant workers. The coming months will be crucial in determining whether Croatia can successfully navigate these challenges and create a more inclusive and equitable society for all its residents.
As Croatia continues to rely on foreign labor to bolster its economy, addressing the root causes of discrimination and exploitation will be paramount. Further monitoring of reported incidents, coupled with proactive measures to promote integration and cultural understanding, will be essential to ensuring a sustainable and just future for both Croatian citizens and the growing number of foreign workers who contribute to the nation’s prosperity.
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