Shares of Visa, Mastercard and IBM tumbled Monday, extending a recent wave of volatility across companies heavily invested in artificial intelligence, as investor anxieties mount over whether AI spending will translate into profits. The declines followed a weekend report from Citrini Research warning of a potential stock market crash, consumer spending pullback, and widespread layoffs by 2028 due to the rapid advancement of AI.
IBM experienced its steepest single-day drop since October 2000, coinciding with an announcement from Anthropic that its Claude Code tool could update a legacy computing language central to IBM’s business. Investors interpreted this as a threat to IBM’s maintenance and modernization services, a key revenue stream. Accenture and Cognizant Technology shares also fell in response.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell more than 800 points Monday, with the financial and consumer discretionary sectors leading the declines, down 3.3% and 2.2% respectively. The consumer staples sector, including companies like Walmart and Coca-Cola, bucked the trend, attracting investment as a comparatively stable haven.
The sell-off reflects a growing investor concern that the initial enthusiasm surrounding AI may be unsustainable, according to Mona Mahajan, head of investment strategy and asset allocation at Edward Jones. Mahajan noted investors are pulling funds from sectors perceived as vulnerable to AI disruption, including financial services, real estate, transportation, and logistics, despite a lack of fundamental changes in those businesses.
Visa and Mastercard were specifically named in the Citrini Research report as potentially vulnerable to shifts in consumer spending patterns driven by AI. Both companies announced initiatives in 2025 to enable AI agents to make purchases on behalf of consumers. Visa unveiled “Intelligent Commerce,” allowing AI agents to search for and buy goods, while Mastercard launched “Agent Pay” to integrate payments into AI-driven recommendations. PayPal also announced its own agentic commerce offering in May 2025.
The developments come as AI-powered coding systems like Anthropic’s Claude Code and OpenAI’s Codex have rapidly increased in capability, enabling faster software development. This has led investors to question the competitive landscape and the potential for disruption across various industries. Melissa Otto, head of Visible Alpha research at S&P Global, told NBC News that increased capital expenditure focused on AI and recent advances in the field are challenging existing business models. Otto highlighted that companies with unique data and complex workflows may be better positioned to withstand the changes.
Despite the concerns, some analysts believe the anxieties are overblown. Lori Calvasina, head of U.S. Equity strategy research at RBC Capital Markets, wrote in a note to clients that the existential threats to industries beyond software, such as wealth management and transportation, appear exaggerated. She suggested a shift in focus to other market topics would be beneficial.
The market fluctuations occur as companies continue to explore the potential of “agentic commerce,” where AI agents autonomously shop and make purchases for consumers based on pre-set preferences. Visa is collaborating with tech companies including Anthropic, IBM, Microsoft, and Stripe to develop these AI-powered shopping experiences. Mastercard is working with Microsoft and IBM, among others, to scale “agentic commerce” use cases.