Health

MINNESOTA – Pharaoh Neuro, a medical device company focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) management, has raised $20 million in an oversubscribed Series A financing round. The funding will be used to advance the development and regulatory approval process for its innovative neurapheresis system, designed to treat a range of neurological conditions involving CSF imbalances. Simultaneously, the company has appointed a novel Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical Officer to lead its next phase of growth.

The financing round was led by Arboretum Ventures, with participation from Hatteras Venture Partners, the Laerdal Million Lives Fund, and IAG Capital Partners. This investment underscores the growing need for advanced solutions in CSF management, particularly for conditions like hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), where current treatment options often carry significant risks.

Pharaoh Neuro’s neurapheresis system represents a novel approach to CSF management. Unlike traditional methods that rely on passive drainage or the introduction of external fluids, neurapheresis is a closed-loop system that circulates and filters a patient’s own CSF. This process aims to reduce complications associated with existing treatments, such as infection and over-drainage, while providing clinicians with greater control over CSF dynamics.

Neurapheresis Demonstrates Promise in Clinical Trials

The safety and efficacy of neurapheresis have been previously demonstrated in the prospective PILLAR-XT trial (NCT03607825) conducted by Minnetronix Neuro. The study, focused on extracorporeal filtration of subarachnoid hemorrhage via spinal catheter extension, showed the potential for the system to accelerate the elimination of blood from the brain and reduce levels of red blood cells and protein in the CSF. This is particularly important in the aftermath of SAH, a serious condition that can lead to significant neurological deficits.

Currently, approximately 30,000 ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedures are performed annually in the United States to address conditions involving CSF buildup, including hydrocephalus, and to drain excess fluid following SAH or acute brain injuries. While VP shunts and external ventricular drains (EVDs) remain the standard of care, they are associated with a high risk of infection and other complications, according to research in the field.

Experienced Leadership to Drive Innovation

To spearhead the company’s growth, Pharaoh Neuro has appointed Amaza Reitmeier as its new Chief Executive Officer. Reitmeier brings extensive experience in the medical technology industry, having previously served as Vice President and General Manager of neuromodulation at Medtronic. She stated that neurapheresis “represents an active, closed-loop approach to CSF management designed to reduce complications and give clinicians greater control in treating the most critically ill neurological patients.”

Complementing Reitmeier’s appointment, Dr. Nandan Lad has been named Chief Medical Officer. Dr. Lad is a Professor of Neurosurgery and Vice Chair for Innovation at Duke University and was instrumental in the development of the core neurapheresis technology alongside Dr. Aaron McCabe while both were at Minnetronix Medical. Dr. McCabe now serves as Pharaoh’s Chief Scientific and Technology Officer.

“I am deeply committed to ensuring [the Neurapheresis platform] its rigorous, evidence-based clinical introduction,” said Dr. Lad. “Our goal is to deliver a therapy platform that improves outcomes and earns the trust of patients and clinicians.”

Pharaoh Neuro plans to use the Series A funding to continue refining the neurapheresis system and to pursue regulatory clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The company’s innovative approach to CSF management holds the potential to significantly improve the treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders and enhance the quality of life for patients suffering from these conditions.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. This proves essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

The development of the neurapheresis system represents a significant step forward in CSF management. As Pharaoh Neuro progresses through the regulatory process and expands clinical applications, it will be crucial to monitor the long-term outcomes and impact of this technology on patient care. Further research and clinical trials will be essential to fully realize the potential of this innovative approach.

What are your thoughts on the potential of closed-loop CSF management systems? Share your comments below!

Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany – A recent seminar hosted by Hephata-MVZ offered valuable insights into the current state of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment and ongoing research, providing hope for individuals living with this chronic autoimmune disease. The event, held on February 20, 2026, drew approximately 30 patients and their families, fostering a space for education and open dialogue with medical experts.

Multiple sclerosis affects the central nervous system, disrupting the communication between the brain and the body. Understanding the complexities of MS, including its varied presentation and progression, is crucial for effective management and improved quality of life. Hephata-MVZ’s seminar aimed to address these needs, presenting the latest advancements in diagnosis and therapy.

Understanding the Challenges of Multiple Sclerosis

During the seminar, Dr. Sirous Javidi, a neurologist specializing in sleep medicine and epileptology, explained that MS occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, the protective covering of nerve fibers. This damage disrupts nerve signal transmission. He highlighted that MS manifests in two primary forms: relapsing-remitting MS, accounting for approximately 85 percent of cases, and progressive MS, affecting around 15 percent of patients. Accurate diagnosis often involves neurological examinations, MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and nerve conduction studies. Recent advancements include the measurement of neurofilament light chains in the blood, a biomarker that can indicate nerve damage even before it’s visible on an MRI scan, according to Dr. Javidi.

Olga Pugach, a neurologist, addressed the often-overlooked psychological and neurological symptoms associated with MS. She noted that depression affects roughly 50 percent of individuals with MS, even as chronic fatigue impacts 30 to 80 percent, and cognitive impairments are present in 25 to 57 percent of cases. These cognitive deficits, which can include difficulties with processing speed, working memory, and attention, can significantly impact daily life. Early intervention and both physical and mental activity were emphasized as strategies to potentially slow the progression of these symptoms.

Latest Therapeutic Approaches on the Horizon

A key focus of the seminar was the potential of new therapies, particularly tolebrutinib. Dr. Javidi announced that tolebrutinib, a tablet specifically designed for progressive MS, is expected to receive regulatory approval in spring 2026. “This is a major step forward, as progressive MS has historically been difficult to treat,” he stated. Hephata-MVZ plans to offer the medication to patients promptly upon approval.

Beyond tolebrutinib, researchers are exploring innovative approaches like cell therapy, a technique borrowed from cancer treatment. This involves extracting a patient’s immune cells, genetically modifying them in a laboratory, and then reintroducing them to the body to target and disable the malfunctioning immune cells that cause MS. While still in the early stages of development, this approach holds promise for future treatments. Research is likewise underway to explore methods for actively repairing the myelin sheath and restoring damaged nerve fibers.

Support and Resources Available at Hephata-MVZ

Andrea Mangold, a specialized MS nurse, highlighted the comprehensive support services offered by the Hephata-MVZ’s MS consultation center. The center provides free information and counseling on the causes, symptoms, progression, and medications related to MS. They also offer guidance on navigating challenges in both professional and personal life, including understanding treatment prerequisites and potential side effects. The MS consultation center can be reached at +49 6691 182029 or via email at [email protected]. Services are available Mondays from 8 AM to 2 PM and Tuesdays through Thursdays from 8 AM to 4 PM, with additional appointments available upon request.

Hephata-MVZ will host another patient seminar on Tuesday, June 2, from 4 PM to 6 PM, focusing on Parkinson’s disease. Attendance is free and open to the public, with a complimentary light meal provided afterward. Further information can be obtained by calling +49 6691 18-2003 or emailing [email protected].

The ongoing research and evolving treatment landscape for multiple sclerosis offer renewed hope for those affected by this complex condition. Continued investigation into innovative therapies and comprehensive support services are essential to improving the lives of individuals living with MS.

Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment options.

Have you or a loved one been affected by multiple sclerosis? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below.

The National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX), the standardized test all aspiring nurses must pass to become licensed, is undergoing revisions. While the core structure of the exam remains largely unchanged, updates coming April 1st will focus on refining the evaluation of competencies and incorporating broader stakeholder input into the process of setting passing standards. These changes, though less extensive than the 2023 “Next Generation NCLEX” overhaul, signal a continued effort to ensure the exam accurately reflects the demands of modern nursing practice.

The NCLEX, administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), exists in two versions – one for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) and another for Practical/Vocational Nurses (NCLEX-PN). In 2025, approximately 330,000 candidates took the NCLEX-RN, and nearly 70,000 took the NCLEX-PN, according to the NCSBN. The upcoming adjustments build upon the significant changes implemented last year, which aimed to better assess clinical judgment and decision-making skills.

The 2023 “Next Generation NCLEX” redesign demonstrably impacted pass rates. The NCLEX-RN pass rate for first-time, U.S.-educated test-takers increased from 79.9% in 2022 to 88.6% in 2023, indicating the new format may be more effectively evaluating candidates’ abilities. The NCSBN regularly reviews the NCLEX-RN test plan, based on analysis of current RN practice and expert opinions, to maintain its relevance.

New Input on Passing Standards

One of the most significant changes for the 2026 NCLEX-RN framework is the introduction of a new element in the passing-standard review process: a survey of nurse educators, and employers. The results of this survey will now be considered by the NCSBN board of directors, alongside existing expert analysis and historical performance data, when determining the minimum competency level required for entry-level practice. This broadened input aims to ensure the passing standard aligns with the expectations of the profession.

Emphasis on Health Equity and Dignity

The 2026 NCLEX-RN test framework too reflects a growing emphasis on social responsibility and patient-centered care. “Health equity” has been added to the foundational principles guiding RN practice within the “beliefs” section of the exam. Language surrounding end-of-life care has been expanded, moving from “dignity in dying” in 2023 to “dignity throughout the lifespan including at the end of life” in 2026, signaling a more holistic approach to patient care.

Unbiased Care as a Core Competency

Within the “management of care” subcategory, the 2026 NCLEX-RN blueprint now explicitly requires nurses to “support unbiased treatment and equal access to care,” regardless of a patient’s culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender identity or expression. This addition underscores the importance of equitable healthcare delivery and the nurse’s role in advocating for all patients. The NCSBN emphasizes the need for nurses to provide culturally competent and inclusive care.

Focus on Patient Dignity and Privacy

Maintaining patient dignity and privacy is receiving increased attention. The 2026 NCLEX-RN blueprint adds a new activity statement to the “basic care and comfort” subcategory under “physiological integrity,” requiring nurses to prioritize these aspects during patient care – a requirement not present in the 2023 framework. This change reinforces the ethical obligations of nurses to respect patient autonomy and confidentiality.

Monitoring Advanced Medical Devices

Finally, the 2026 test plan includes a new activity statement within the “physiological adaptation” subcategory, requiring nurses to monitor and maintain internal monitoring devices, such as intracranial pressure monitors and intrauterine pressure catheters. This addition reflects the increasing complexity of medical technology and the need for nurses to be proficient in managing these devices.

These updates to the NCLEX-RN represent a continuing evolution of the exam to meet the changing needs of the nursing profession and the patients nurses serve. The NCSBN’s commitment to regular review and refinement ensures the NCLEX remains a relevant and reliable assessment of nursing competence. Future iterations of the exam will likely continue to incorporate advancements in healthcare and evolving best practices.

What are your thoughts on these changes to the NCLEX? Share your perspective in the comments below.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. This proves essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.