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A growing body of research is highlighting potential links between adolescent cannabis use and an increased risk of serious mental health conditions. A latest study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, tracked nearly 500,000 teenagers over an eight-year period, revealing concerning associations between cannabis use and the later onset of psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders. This research adds to a growing conversation about the impact of cannabis on developing brains and the need for increased awareness among both teens and their parents.
The study, led by Kelly Young-Wolff, senior research scientist at the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, examined cannabis use patterns among teens aged 13 to 17. Participants were “confidentially screened for cannabis use as part of routine pediatric care,” according to the research team. Researchers then analyzed the subsequent diagnosis rates of various mental health disorders within the same group, offering a more comprehensive look than previous studies that often focused on a single mental health outcome. The findings suggest a potential connection between early cannabis exposure and long-term mental wellbeing, a critical area of public health concern.
Doubled Risk for Psychotic and Bipolar Disorders
The research indicated that the strongest associations were found with psychotic and bipolar disorders, where the risk nearly doubled for teens who reported cannabis use. Importantly, researchers found that teens typically reported cannabis use one to two years before receiving a mental health diagnosis. This sequence – use preceding diagnosis – is a key element raising concerns among researchers, though it does not definitively prove causation. The study accounted for other potential risk factors, including sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, insurance type, and other substance use, strengthening the observed associations.
“some teens were using cannabis as a way to try to cope with early mental health symptoms, but we found that our associations remained, even after accounting for prior psychiatric conditions,” Young-Wolff explained. This suggests that cannabis use may not simply be a consequence of pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities, but could potentially contribute to the development of these conditions.
Emergency Room Visits Reflect Rising Trend
These research findings are echoed by observations from clinicians on the front lines. Dr. Natalie Laub, a pediatrician at Rady Children’s Hospital involved in the study, has witnessed a significant increase in adolescents seeking emergency room treatment for cannabis-related issues. “Prior to 2020, we were only seeing a handful of adolescents a year, maybe 20 or 30,” Dr. Laub stated. “In 2025, we saw nearly 600 adolescents present to the emergency room since they needed treatment of some kind for their cannabis use.”
Dr. Laub also noted that the potency of cannabis products available today is significantly higher than in previous generations, potentially exacerbating the risks for young people. This increased potency, coupled with the growing social acceptance of cannabis, creates a complex public health challenge. The study also revealed that teens on Medicaid and those from lower-income neighborhoods were more likely to use cannabis, raising concerns about potential inequities in access to mental health care and the impact of wider commercialization of the drug.
Early Conversations are Key, Experts Say
The findings underscore the importance of open communication between parents and their children about the potential risks of cannabis use. Dr. Laub emphasized that parents should initiate these conversations earlier than they might think necessary. “My message to parents would be, start talking about this sooner than you think is necessary. If you’re not talking about the dangers of cannabis until your child is 12, 13 or 14, it’s probably too late,” she warned.
Researchers acknowledge that further investigation is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of cannabis on the developing brain. Given the increasing availability and social acceptance of the drug, continued research is crucial to inform public health strategies and protect the wellbeing of young people. Understanding the complex relationship between adolescent cannabis use and mental health is a critical step in addressing this emerging public health crisis.
Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
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