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Mozambique’s Press Under Fire: Illegal Mining, Intimidation, and a Looming Crisis for Investigative Journalism
The attempted assassination of journalist Carlitos Candangue, reporting on illegal gold mining in Mozambique’s Manica province, isn’t an isolated incident. It’s a stark warning: the cost of truth is rising, and for investigative journalists in resource-rich nations, that cost is increasingly measured in personal safety. Recent attacks signal a dangerous escalation, moving beyond harassment to outright attempts on journalists’ lives, threatening to dismantle the vital role of a free press in holding power accountable.
The Deadly Link Between Resource Extraction and Press Freedom
Candangue, a journalist with SOICO Television (STV), was targeted after reporting on the suspension of mining companies linked to illegal operations. This directly connects the attack to his work, a pattern Amnesty International has documented with increasing alarm. The brazen attack – armed men in police uniforms firing dozens of bullets at his vehicle while with his son – wasn’t simply an attempt to silence Candangue, but to send a chilling message to other journalists. This isn’t merely about gold; it’s about control of the narrative surrounding Mozambique’s natural resources.
The situation is further underscored by the recent deaths and disappearances of other journalists. João Chamusse, editor of Ponto por Ponto, was found dead in December 2023, and Arlindo Chissale has been missing since January 2025, reportedly abducted and beaten by security forces. These cases, coupled with Candangue’s attempted murder, paint a grim picture of a shrinking space for independent journalism.
Impunity as a Catalyst: Why Journalists are Increasingly Vulnerable
A core issue fueling this crisis is a pervasive culture of impunity. Authorities have been slow to investigate attacks on journalists, and even slower to bring perpetrators to justice. This lack of accountability emboldens those who seek to silence critical voices. Amnesty International’s call for a “prompt, thorough, independent, impartially, effectively and transparently” investigation into Candangue’s case is crucial, but past experience suggests such investigations are often hampered by political interference or a lack of resources.
The problem extends beyond direct physical attacks. Journalists routinely face death threats, harassment, and intimidation, creating a climate of fear that self-censorship. This self-censorship, while understandable, ultimately undermines the public’s right to know and weakens democratic institutions. The suspension of mining companies following Candangue’s reporting demonstrates the power of investigative journalism, but also highlights the risks involved.
Beyond Mozambique: A Global Trend of Silencing the Watchdogs
Mozambique isn’t an anomaly. Across Africa and globally, journalists investigating corruption, environmental crimes, and human rights abuses are facing increasing threats. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) reports a disturbing trend of targeted attacks, often linked to powerful economic interests. This trend is exacerbated by the rise of disinformation and the erosion of trust in traditional media, creating an environment where attacks on journalists are more easily justified or ignored.
The Role of Technology and Digital Security
While technology can be a tool for journalists, it also presents new vulnerabilities. Surveillance, hacking, and online harassment are increasingly common tactics used to intimidate and silence reporters. Investing in digital security training and tools is therefore essential for journalists operating in high-risk environments. This includes secure communication channels, data encryption, and awareness of phishing and malware attacks.
Looking Ahead: Protecting Journalism in the Age of Resource Conflicts
The future of journalism in Mozambique, and in similar contexts, hinges on a multi-faceted approach. Strengthening legal protections for journalists, ensuring independent investigations of attacks, and promoting media literacy are all critical steps. However, these measures alone are insufficient. International pressure on the Mozambican government to uphold its commitments to press freedom is essential, as is support for local organizations working to protect journalists.
Ultimately, protecting journalism isn’t just about safeguarding the rights of reporters; it’s about protecting the public’s right to information and holding power accountable. The attempted murder of Carlitos Candangue serves as a stark reminder of the stakes involved. What steps will Mozambique take to ensure that journalists can continue to shine a light on the misdeeds of the powerful, without fearing for their lives? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
