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As the conflict in Ukraine enters its third year, Russia is dramatically increasing its production of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, signaling a fundamental shift in its military strategy. What began as an attempt to swiftly capture Kyiv has evolved into a protracted war of attrition, characterized by a reliance on inexpensive, high-tech drones rather than costly, traditional weaponry. This escalating drone warfare is raising concerns about Ukraine’s ability to sustain its defense and the potential for wider regional instability.
According to analysis by security analyst Hans Petter Midttun, a former Norwegian naval officer, Russia is prioritizing drone production as a core component of its military strategy. Midttun, a frequent commentator on the war in Ukraine, notes that this shift reflects a move away from maneuver warfare towards a strategy designed to exhaust Ukrainian resources and infrastructure. The increasing use of drones is not merely a tactical adjustment, but a fundamental reshaping of the battlefield, with significant implications for the future of the conflict and European security.
Russia’s Drone Escalation: A Rapid Increase in Production
In January 2025, Russia deployed approximately 2,000 First-Person View (FPV) drones daily against Ukrainian positions. Within thirteen months, that number has surged to nearly 7,000. If this trend continues, projections estimate Russia will deploy almost 2.8 million FPV drones in 2026, representing a 220% increase from 2025 levels. This dramatic increase in drone deployment is coupled with a significant expansion of Russia’s unmanned systems forces, which now comprise around 87,000 soldiers, with plans to establish one brigade, four regiments, 96 battalions, two divisions and 82 companies this year.
The increase isn’t limited to FPV drones. Russia launched 11,200 long-range attack drones in 2024, escalating to 54,500 in 2025. Forecasts for 2026 predict 102,000 drones will be deployed. With current interception rates, approximately 16,000 drones are expected to reach their targets, primarily Ukrainian energy infrastructure, railway networks, hospitals, and schools. This sustained bombardment is designed to systematically degrade Ukraine’s critical infrastructure and undermine its ability to wage war.
Shifting Tactics and Increasing Lethality
Russia is likewise increasing the use of guided glide bombs, with deployments rising from ten per day to over 200. The range of these bombs has also increased, from 60–80 km to around 190 km, and Russia is developing variants expected to reach 400 km, putting more Ukrainian cities at risk of indiscriminate bombing. This expanded range allows Russia to strike deeper into Ukrainian territory, disrupting supply lines and targeting civilian infrastructure.
While Russian casualties have reportedly decreased – not due to a decline in fighting, but because of the substitution of soldiers with machines – the number of Russian soldiers killed in action is higher than ever before. The ratio of wounded to killed soldiers has shifted from 3:1 to 1.3:1. FPV drones have created a 15–20 km wide “Kill Zone” on either side of the front lines, making medical evacuation nearly impossible. Conversely, Ukraine utilizes reconnaissance drones, interceptor drones, FPV countermeasures, and unmanned ground vehicles to rescue wounded soldiers, achieving a reported casualty ratio of 1:5 in its favor.
Winning the Deep Battle and Preparing for Wider Conflict
Despite Ukraine’s success in close-quarters drone warfare, Russia appears to be gaining an advantage in the “deep battle” – targeting infrastructure and logistics far behind the front lines. Elite Russian Rubicon units are reportedly attacking airports and railways up to 200 km behind Ukrainian defenses, weakening Ukraine’s ability to resupply, evacuate casualties, and rotate troops. Russia has already destroyed more tanks than NATO possesses, and fresh T-90M tanks are being diverted from Ukraine to the Leningrad Military District, bordering Estonia, Latvia, and Finland. Russia is also constructing barracks and upgrading railway lines along its borders with NATO, potentially in preparation for a wider conflict.
This strategic shift raises fundamental questions about the future of the conflict and the broader European security landscape. As stated by Colonel Volodymyr Polevyi, spokesperson for Ukraine’s 7th Rapid Response Corps, “For four years, Russia has been trying to take Kyiv in three days.” But, the current trajectory suggests a long-term strategy of attrition, aimed not at territorial conquest but at undermining Ukraine’s very existence.
The conflict is no longer solely about territory, but about Ukraine’s right to exist as a sovereign nation. Russia’s relentless attacks on infrastructure and industry are designed to erode the foundations of Ukrainian statehood, including its political independence, economic viability, and cultural identity. Europe faces a critical choice: to fully commit to supporting a Ukrainian victory or to accept a protracted conflict that could ultimately threaten its own security.
The increasing reliance on drones and the shift towards a war of attrition necessitate a reassessment of European defense strategies. The current level of NATO support may be insufficient to counter Russia’s escalating capabilities. A more decisive and proactive approach may be required to prevent further escalation and safeguard European security. The coming months will be crucial in determining whether Europe can effectively respond to this evolving threat.
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