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More than 5,700 suspected Islamic State (ISIS) detainees have been transferred from prisons in northeastern Syria to facilities in Iraq, the U.S. Military confirmed on February 13, 2026. The 23-day operation, which began on January 21, was prompted by security concerns following a mass escape from a Syrian detention facility in late January, according to a statement from U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM).
The transfers, completed on February 12, involved adult male ISIS fighters, and were carried out under Operation Inherent Resolve, the U.S.-led military effort against ISIS remnants in the region. CENTCOM commander Adm. Brad Cooper stated that Iraq’s leadership recognized the transfer as “essential to regional security.” The U.S. Is covering the costs of detaining and processing trials for the transferred detainees, according to reports.
However, the mass transfer has drawn immediate criticism from human rights organizations, who warn of potential abuses within Iraq’s justice system. Human Rights Watch (HRW) expressed concern that the detainees face risks of enforced disappearance, unfair trials, torture, and violations of the right to life. “Regardless of their affiliation or alleged actions, these detainees have been held for years without due process, and they are now held in another country without proper safeguards,” said Sarah Sanbar, Iraq researcher at HRW.
HRW highlighted Iraq’s history of due process violations in counterterrorism proceedings, including the routine use of torture-tainted confessions and reliance on secret informants. The organization noted that Iraq lacks a law criminalizing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, instead prosecuting ISIS fighters under the 2005 Anti-Terrorism Law, which carries the death penalty for affiliation with a terrorist group. As of February 2026, Iraq has approximately 30 prisons holding 67,000 inmates, including 1,600 foreign nationals, though these figures do not include facilities in the Kurdistan Region or those operated by security forces and armed groups.
The transfers come amid a Syrian government military offensive to regain control of northeast Syria from the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), who previously held the detainees. Iraqi officials have stated that the transferred detainees, who hold citizenship from 42 countries, will be prosecuted under Iraqi law and will not be extradited until investigations are complete. On February 10, Iraq executed six people, its first mass execution since a General Amnesty Law was passed in January 2025.
Ian Moss, a former U.S. State Department official responsible for ISIS detainees, characterized the transfer as “an expedient attempt to wash one’s hands of the situation,” rather than a thoughtful approach to justice and accountability. The U.S. Military declined to comment on whether detainees were provided access to legal counsel or judicial review prior to their transfer.
The U.S. Announcement did not address the situation of over 28,000 people, allegedly relatives of ISIS members, who remain detained in camps in northeast Syria, including al-Hol and Roj, facing life-threatening conditions. Approximately 12,500 of those detained are foreign nationals from more than 60 countries.
Iraqi government spokesperson Basem al-Awadi stated on January 29, 2026, that the transfer was a “preemptive step to defend Iraqi national security” given the risk of further prison breaks. The Supreme Judicial Council of Iraq has indicated that some of the transferred detainees are accused of genocide and the use of chemical weapons, and investigations are underway in Nasiriyah and Karkh prisons.