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Chongli, China – A ski resort north of Beijing, Wanlong, is emerging as a key example of a broader shift in Chinese economic policy, as authorities appear to bolster the services sector through targeted state-led investments. The success of Wanlong, particularly after the 2022 Winter Olympics, is being held up as a model for unlocking domestic demand and diversifying away from reliance on traditional infrastructure spending, a strategy that has, at times, yielded diminishing returns. This pivot towards a “winter economy” represents an important, albeit risky, policy shift for China this year, according to reports.
For decades, Luo Li, the owner of Wanlong ski resort, struggled to attract visitors. He initially found himself with more staff than customers when the complex opened approximately two decades ago. However, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics proved to be a turning point, bringing significant improvements to transport infrastructure to the Chongli district, located about 200 kilometers (124 miles) outside the capital. This spurred the development of seven additional resorts in the area. Following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in early 2023, Wanlong experienced a surge in visitors and has now achieved profitability for a second consecutive year.
Olympic Infrastructure Fuels Growth
The influx of visitors to Wanlong demonstrates the potential of agglomeration effects, as Luo Li explained, “We created the demand.” He employs 1,200 staff to cater to the resort’s 600,000 visitors this year. The improved infrastructure, a direct result of hosting the Winter Olympics, was crucial in attracting tourists. The success isn’t limited to Wanlong; the broader Chongli district has benefited from the increased tourism. The area’s transformation highlights the potential for strategic investment in services to stimulate economic activity.
Beijing’s policy shift comes as the country seeks to redirect stimulus funds away from what have sometimes been described as wasteful investments in transport, housing, and industrial infrastructure towards potentially more productive areas. This change in focus is intended to unlock latent household demand and address a longstanding structural weakness in the Chinese economy: soft consumer demand, which has hindered economic growth despite previous stimulus measures. Analysts suggest that the success of the “winter economy” could serve as a blueprint for similar initiatives in other service sectors.
A Broader Shift in Economic Strategy
The move towards prioritizing services is not without its risks. Financial Times reporting indicates that some ski resorts experienced significant revenue declines in 2020, before a recovery in 2021, followed by another dip in 2022, demonstrating the vulnerability of the sector to external factors. However, the current trajectory suggests a positive trend, with Wanlong serving as a compelling case study. The government is signaling a commitment to supporting the services sector through state-led investments, aiming to replicate the success seen in Chongli across other regions.
This policy shift aligns with a broader effort to rebalance the Chinese economy, reducing its reliance on investment and exports and fostering greater domestic consumption. The “winter economy” is being presented as a viable pathway to achieve this goal, demonstrating the potential for targeted investments in services to unlock demand and drive economic growth. Reuters reports that Chinese authorities are actively studying the Wanlong model to inform future investment strategies.
What to Watch Next
The success of the “winter economy” will likely be closely monitored by policymakers as they assess the effectiveness of the new stimulus approach. The next steps will involve scaling up these investments in other service sectors and evaluating their impact on overall economic growth and consumer spending. The government will also need to address potential risks, such as overcapacity and market volatility, to ensure the sustainability of this new economic strategy. The coming months will be crucial in determining whether the “winter economy” can truly serve as a catalyst for broader economic revitalization in China.
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