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Spain’s government on Tuesday ordered prosecutors to investigate X, Meta, and TikTok over the alleged dissemination of AI-generated child sexual abuse material, escalating a European crackdown on massive tech platforms and their handling of artificial intelligence.
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez announced the move on X, stating that his government would request the public prosecutor’s office to investigate whether the three companies have committed offences “by creating and spreading child pornography through their AI.” Sánchez described the platforms as undermining the “mental health, dignity and rights” of children and asserted that “the impunity of (tech) giants must end.”
The announcement follows reports that one in five young people in Spain have been victims of AI-generated fake nude images while minors, with girls disproportionately affected, according to Sánchez’s office. The investigation comes as European regulators intensify scrutiny of social media companies and their ability to police harmful content.
The Spanish government’s action is part of a broader international response to the proliferation of sexually explicit deepfakes created by artificial intelligence tools. Separate investigations have been launched in Britain, France, the European Union, and California, focusing on the AI chatbot Grok, developed by X, and its potential to generate harmful sexualized images, including those involving children. Ireland’s Data Protection Commission announced Tuesday it had opened a formal investigation into Grok over its processing of personal data and the platform’s potential to generate such images.
Sánchez has been a vocal critic of major technology companies, frequently referring to their leaders as “techno-oligarchs” and advocating for stricter regulation to combat disinformation, violent content, and pornography. Earlier this month, he publicly clashed with Elon Musk, owner of X, and Pavel Durov, founder of Telegram, after proposing a ban on social media access for individuals under the age of 16. Musk responded to the proposed ban by calling Sánchez a “traitor to the people of Spain.”
The Spanish government’s proposed ban on social media for those under 16 builds on earlier measures announced by Sánchez aimed at curbing online abuse and protecting children. Currently, platforms like Facebook and TikTok require users to be at least 13 years classic.
French police raided X’s offices earlier this month as part of an expanding investigation into the platform, reflecting growing scrutiny from European authorities. The investigations across Europe signal a coordinated effort to hold big tech companies accountable for the content hosted on their platforms and the potential harms associated with AI-generated material.