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Article Information

• • Author, Jonathan Head
  • Role, BBC Southeast Asia correspondent

• October 21, 2025

Myanmar’s military says it has captured a notorious cyber fraud complex on the Thai-Myanmar border, calling it key territory lost in the civil war.

The KK campus, located south of the border town of Myawaddy, has been synonymous with online fraud, money laundering and human trafficking for the past five years.

Thousands of people were lured here with well-paying jobs and then forced to perpetrate elaborate scams that stole billions of dollars from victims around the world.

Myanmar’s military has long been criticized for its involvement in fraud. Now they say they have seized the area to expand control over the area around Myawaddy, a major trade hub to Thailand.

Myanmar’s military has pushed back opposition forces in several parts of the country in recent weeks, aiming to maximize coverage for elections scheduled to begin in December.

Myanmar has been suffering from war since the military coup in February 2021, and the military government has still not controlled most of Myanmar. The opposition has dismissed the election as a sham and vowed to prevent elections in areas it controls.

The Karen National Union (KNU) signed a lease agreement with a little-known Hong Kong listed company “Huanya International” in early 2020, planning to jointly build an industrial park. This is the beginning of the KK Park. The Karen National Union, an ethnic rebel group, controls much of the area.

Researchers believe there are links between SAIB and prominent Chinese underworld figure Wan Kuok Koi, better known as “Bang Ya Ju”, who later invested in other fraud centers in the border region.

The scam center expanded rapidly and was easily visible from the Thai side of the border.

Those who managed to escape described the brutal rule imposed by controllers on the thousands of people held there, many from African countries, who were forced to work long hours and those who failed to meet their goals were tortured and beaten.

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The military government’s Information Ministry issued a statement saying that its forces had “cleared” the KK campus, released more than 2,000 workers, and confiscated 30 Starlink satellite terminals produced by Elon Musk’s company – these terminals are widely used for cyber activities by fraud centers on the Thai-Myanmar border.

The statement accused so-called “terrorists” the Karen National Union and the Volunteer People’s Defense Forces, who have been fighting the junta since the coup, of illegally occupying the area.

Myanmar’s military junta claims to have shut down the notorious fraud hub, an operation that was almost certainly directed by its main funder, China. Beijing has been urging the military junta and the Thai government to do more to end illegal businesses run by Chinese criminal groups in the two countries’ border areas.

Earlier this year, thousands of Chinese workers were removed from the center of the scam and flown back to China on chartered flights after Thailand cut off electricity and fuel supplies.

But the KK campus is just one of at least 30 similar sites in the border area. Most of these venues, protected by Karen militia groups allied to the military junta, are still operating, with tens of thousands of people engaged in fraud.

In fact, the support of these militia groups played a crucial role in helping the military dislodge the Karen National Union and other resistance groups from areas they captured over the past two years.

The military currently controls almost all roads connecting the Myawaddy River to the rest of Myanmar, a goal set by the junta ahead of the first phase of elections in December.

The military has seized Lay Kay Kaw, a new town established for the Karen National Union with Japanese funding in 2015, when there was hope for lasting peace in the state after a nationwide ceasefire.

This was a bigger blow to the KNU than the occupation of the KK campus, and while the KNU did receive some revenue from it, most of the economic benefits went to pro-junta militia groups.

A source told the BBC that fraud at the KK campus was continuing and the military was likely to only control part of the sprawling complex.

Sources also believe that Beijing is providing the Myanmar military with a list of Chinese citizens in the hope of arresting these people from these fraudulent complexes and returning them to China to face trial, which may explain the attack on the KK campus.

What are the potential geopolitical implications of the Myanmar junta’s crackdown on the online fraud hub in Myawaddy, considering Chinese involvement?

Myanmar’s Notorious Online Fraud Hub Seized by Military Junta Amid Chinese Gang Involvement

The Crackdown in Myawaddy: A Deep dive

recent reports confirm a meaningful operation by Myanmar’s military junta targeting a sprawling online fraud hub in Myawaddy, a key border town opposite Thailand.This operation, conducted in October 2025, isn’t simply a law enforcement action; it’s a complex event interwoven with transnational crime, geopolitical tensions, and the ongoing political instability within Myanmar. The core of the issue revolves around large-scale cyber fraud, specifically pig butchering scams, online gambling, and other deceptive practices, largely orchestrated by Chinese-speaking criminal gangs.

The Scale of the operation & Initial Findings

The junta claims to have dismantled a massive criminal enterprise, arresting thousands of individuals allegedly involved in these scams. While official numbers are often disputed, evidence suggests the operation targeted a zone controlled not by the military, but by a powerful ethnic armed association (EAO), the Karen Border Guard Force (BGF).

* Arrests: Over 1,200 suspects were initially reported detained, with numbers expected to rise as investigations continue. Many are believed to be Chinese nationals.

* Infrastructure: The seized area housed extensive call centers, server farms, and residential compounds used to house scam operators and, tragically, victims trafficked into forced labor.

* Financial Seizure: Authorities reported confiscating significant amounts of cash, computers, and mobile phones used in the fraudulent activities. Estimates place the value of seized assets in the millions of dollars.

* Victim Rescue: Hundreds of individuals, primarily from China, but also including citizens from other countries, were rescued from the compounds.These individuals were frequently enough lured with false promises of employment.

The Role of chinese Gangs & Transnational Crime

The Myawaddy hub wasn’t a spontaneous advancement. It represents a significant escalation in the activities of Chinese criminal gangs exploiting the instability in Myanmar’s border regions. These gangs have been steadily expanding their operations, drawn by weak governance, porous borders, and the availability of cheap labor.

* Pig Butchering Scams: This elegant form of fraud involves building romantic relationships with victims online before swindling them out of large sums of money through investment scams. Myanmar has become a central hub for these operations, targeting individuals globally.

* Online Gambling: Illegal online casinos, often operating with impunity, serve as a front for money laundering and other criminal activities.

* Human Trafficking: A especially disturbing aspect of this situation is the widespread trafficking of individuals,often from China,who are forced to work in the scam centers under threat of violence and coercion.Human trafficking in Myanmar is a growing concern.

* Links to the Golden Triangle: The region’s proximity to the Golden Triangle, a notorious area for drug production, raises concerns about potential links between the fraud operations and the illicit drug trade.

the Junta’s Motivations & Geopolitical Implications

the military junta’s decision to crack down on the Myawaddy hub is multifaceted. while presented as a law enforcement effort, several underlying factors likely contributed to the operation.

* Pressure from China: Beijing has been increasingly vocal about its concerns regarding the online fraud operations impacting its citizens. The junta likely responded to diplomatic pressure from China to address the issue.

* Reasserting Control: The hub’s operation outside of direct military control represented a challenge to the junta’s authority. The crackdown can be seen as an attempt to reassert control over border regions.

* Economic Interests: The junta may also be seeking to gain control of the lucrative profits generated by these criminal enterprises.

* Regional stability: The situation in Myawaddy has implications for regional stability, particularly with Thailand, which shares a border with the area.

The Karen Border Guard Force (BGF) & Local Dynamics

The BGF, a powerful EAO with close ties to the military, previously controlled the area where the fraud hub was located. Their involvement raises questions about their complicity in the criminal activities and the extent to which they benefited from the operations.

* Protection Rackets: Reports suggest the BGF provided protection to the scam operators in exchange for payments.

* Economic Dependence: The hub likely provided a significant source of revenue for the BGF, contributing to their economic and military strength.

* Complex Alliances: The BGF’s relationship with the junta is complex, characterized by both cooperation and competition.

Future Outlook & Potential Challenges

The seizure of the Myawaddy hub is unlikely to be a long-term solution. The underlying factors that enabled the growth of these criminal enterprises – instability, weak governance, and porous borders – remain in place.

* Displacement of Scams: Experts predict the scam operations will likely relocate to other areas within Myanmar or neighboring countries.

* Increased Junta Control: The junta is likely to tighten its control over border regions to prevent the re-establishment of similar hubs.

* Continued Chinese Pressure: China will likely continue to pressure Myanmar to address the issue of online fraud.

* Humanitarian Concerns: The situation raises serious humanitarian concerns for the victims of trafficking and those affected by the ongoing conflict in Myanmar. Myanmar conflict continues to fuel instability.

Resources & Further Information

* United Nations Office on drugs and Crime (UNODC): https://www.unodc.org/

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