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Geneva – A second round of indirect negotiations between Iran and the United States regarding Iran’s nuclear program concluded Tuesday in Geneva, signaling cautious optimism from both sides. The talks, which lasted approximately three hours according to Iranian state television, involved U.S. Special Envoy for Iran, Steve Witkof and Senior Advisor to the President, Jared Kushner, alongside Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi. The discussions took place against a backdrop of heightened tensions, including recent Iranian military exercises in the Strait of Hormuz and continued U.S. Pressure on Tehran.
The renewed diplomatic efforts come after a previous round of talks in Muscat in the spring of 2025 stalled following a 12-day conflict, as reported by the BBC. President Donald Trump stated Monday he would participate “indirectly” in the Geneva talks, adding, “I don’t believe they desire to face the consequences of not reaching an agreement.” This engagement, though indirect, underscores the high stakes involved in resolving the impasse over Iran’s nuclear ambitions.
Following the conclusion of the talks, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi announced that a “understanding on key principles” had been reached with the U.S., describing the progress as “positive” compared to the previous round. “Both sides will perform on two versions of a potential agreement document and exchange them… There are still issues that both sides need to work on,” Araghchi stated, as reported by Iranian news agencies. He cautioned, however, that a deal was not imminent, but that “the path has begun.”
Iran Seeks Sanctions Relief and Confidence-Building Measures
According to Iran’s Tasnim News Agency, a primary demand from Tehran during this round of indirect negotiations was the complete lifting of sanctions and the initiation of discussions focused on building trust regarding its peaceful nuclear program. This demand reflects Iran’s long-standing position that economic relief is essential for any sustainable agreement. The U.S. And its ally, Israel, maintain that Iran is pursuing a nuclear weapon, a claim Iran vehemently denies, asserting its nuclear program is solely for peaceful purposes, despite enriching uranium to levels exceeding those required for electricity generation and approaching levels needed for a nuclear weapon.
The timing of the Geneva talks coincided with Iranian military maneuvers in the Strait of Hormuz, a critical waterway for global oil supplies. Iran announced the closure of the strait for live-fire exercises, a move that raised concerns about potential disruptions to maritime traffic. This action occurred while negotiations were underway, adding another layer of complexity to the already delicate diplomatic process.
Differing Backgrounds of Key Negotiators
The negotiations are being led by individuals with vastly different backgrounds. Steve Witkof, a New York real estate mogul appointed by President Trump as a special envoy to the Middle East, brings a non-traditional diplomatic profile to the table. Witkof founded the “Witkof Group” in 1997, where his wife and son also work, according to Independent Arabia. In contrast, Abbas Araghchi is a seasoned diplomat with a long career in Iran’s Foreign Ministry, having previously led Iran’s negotiating team during the 2015 nuclear agreement. Araghchi’s family has a history in the carpet trade, as noted by Independent Arabia.
The two negotiators previously met during talks held in Oman in the spring of 2025. President Trump, speaking to reporters on Monday, expressed his belief that Tehran desires a deal, stating, “I don’t think they want to bear the consequences of not reaching an agreement. We could have reached an agreement instead of sending B-2 bombers to destroy their nuclear capabilities. We were forced to send the B-2 bombers.”
What to Watch Next
The conclusion of this second round of talks marks a tentative step forward in the ongoing efforts to de-escalate tensions and potentially revive a nuclear agreement. The next phase will involve the drafting and exchange of detailed agreement documents, a process that is expected to be complex, and challenging. The international community will be closely watching to see whether both sides can overcome remaining obstacles and forge a path towards a lasting resolution. Further discussions are anticipated in the coming weeks, with the ultimate goal of preventing Iran from developing a nuclear weapon and ensuring regional stability.
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