Dairy Cow H5 Bird Flu Linked to Fourth Human Infection – CDC Reports

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Dairy Worker Contracts H5N1 Bird Flu; CDC Monitoring and Recommending Precautions

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

A dairy worker in the United States has tested positive for the H5N1 avian influenza virus, marking a notable growth in the ongoing monitoring of this virus. While the CDC emphasizes that the risk to the general public remains low,this case highlights the critical importance of adhering to recommended precautions,notably for individuals with direct exposure to infected animals.

Understanding the Risk:

Individuals who have had close, prolonged, or unprotected contact with animals infected with the H5N1 virus, or with environments contaminated by thes animals, face a higher risk of infection. This includes close contact with infected birds, livestock, or their waste products.

Case Details:

The case was identified in a dairy worker who was under monitoring due to their occupational exposure to cattle confirmed to be infected with the H5N1 virus. The worker reported symptoms to state health officials. initial testing at the state level yielded inconclusive results.Afterward, specimens were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further analysis. These tests confirmed the presence of influenza A(H5) in the specimens. The specific designation of the neuraminidase (the “N” in the virus subtype) is pending genetic sequencing, which is currently underway at the CDC. Results from this sequencing are expected within one to two days, and any genetic changes that could alter the CDC’s risk assessment will be investigated.

CDC’s Proactive Measures:

This detection was facilitated by the state’s implementation of CDC-recommended monitoring and testing strategies for exposed individuals. In addition to enhanced and targeted surveillance efforts,the CDC has been actively engaged in:

preparedness Calls: conducting numerous calls with state and local health departments to bolster preparedness efforts.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Taking action to improve the availability of PPE for farmworkers.
Updated Recommendations: Revising interim recommendations for worker protection to specifically include those working with dairy cows.
Outreach to Farmworkers: Holding multiple calls with organizations representing farmworkers.
Digital Outreach: Initiating targeted paid digital outreach campaigns in affected counties to disseminate information on bird flu prevention and symptom recognition to farmworkers.

Key CDC recommendations:

The CDC strongly advises the public to:

Avoid Animal Contact: Refrain from close, prolonged, or unprotected contact with sick or deceased animals, including wild birds, poultry, other domestic birds, and any wild or domestic animals, such as cows.
* Avoid Contaminated Materials: Steer clear of unprotected exposure to animal feces, bedding, raw milk, or any materials that may have been touched by or are in close proximity to birds or animals suspected or confirmed to be infected with the A(H5N1) virus.

The CDC has established interim recommendations for the prevention, monitoring, and public health inquiry of A(H5N1) virus infections in humans. Moreover, updated guidance on worker protection and the appropriate use of PPE is available.Adhering to these recommendations is fundamental to minimizing individual risk and containing the overall public health threat.

Additional Information:

For more extensive information regarding A(H5N1) virus, please visit the CDC website at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm.

What public health measures are being implemented to monitor and mitigate the risk of H5N1 transmission from dairy cattle to humans?

Understanding the Current Outbreak

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a fourth human case of H5N1 avian influenza (bird flu) linked to dairy cows. This latest case, reported on July 16, 2025, raises concerns about the evolving risk of zoonotic transmission – the spread of disease from animals to humans. The ongoing outbreak, initially detected in March 2024, has affected dairy herds in multiple states, including Texas, Kansas, Michigan, and Idaho. This marks a significant expansion of the virus’s reach and underscores the need for heightened surveillance and preventative measures.

Key Facts about the Current Situation:

Confirmed Cases: Four human infections directly linked to exposure to infected dairy cattle.

Geographic Spread: Outbreaks confirmed in at least eight states, impacting the US dairy industry.

Viral Strain: The predominant strain is H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

Symptoms in Humans: reported symptoms have been mild, primarily conjunctivitis (eye infection) and flu-like symptoms. Though, the potential for more severe illness remains a concern.

How the Virus is Spreading: Dairy Cattle as an Intermediate host

Traditionally, bird flu outbreaks have been contained within bird populations. However,this outbreak demonstrates a new dynamic: dairy cows are acting as an intermediate host.

Hear’s how the transmission is believed to be occurring:

1. Wild Bird Introduction: The virus likely originated in wild migratory birds, the natural reservoir for avian influenza.
2. Cattle Infection: Infected wild birds contaminated dairy farms, leading to the infection of cattle. The exact mechanisms of transmission (e.g., contaminated feed, water, or direct contact) are still under examination.
3. Human Exposure: Humans become infected through direct contact with infected cattle, their milk, or contaminated farm environments. The CDC emphasizes that the current risk to the general public remains low, but individuals working with or frequently visiting dairy farms are at higher risk.
4. Potential for Mutation: The virus circulating in cattle has shown some genetic changes, raising concerns about its potential to become more easily transmissible between mammals, including humans. Avian influenza viruses are known for their ability to mutate.

Symptoms to Watch For: Human and Cattle

Recognizing the symptoms of H5N1 in both humans and cattle is crucial for early detection and response.

Symptoms in Humans:

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) – the most common symptom reported in recent cases.

Fever

Cough

Sore throat

Muscle aches

Headache

Shortness of breath

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting (less common)

Symptoms in Dairy Cattle:

decreased milk production – often the frist noticeable sign.

Loss of appetite

Lethargy (tiredness)

Fever

Swelling of the face and udder

Respiratory distress (difficulty breathing)

Neurological signs (rare)

Farmers are urged to report any unusual illness or death among their herds to state veterinary authorities promptly.

Public Health Response and Preventative Measures

The CDC,USDA (United States Department of agriculture),and state health departments are working collaboratively to contain the outbreak and protect public health.

Key Actions being Taken:

Enhanced Surveillance: Increased monitoring of dairy herds and wild bird populations.

Testing: Expanded testing of dairy cattle and farmworkers.

Farm Biosecurity: Implementing strict biosecurity measures on dairy farms, including limiting access, disinfecting equipment, and controlling rodent and bird populations.

Pasteurization: The CDC has affirmed that commercially available milk remains safe to drink due to the pasteurization process, which kills the virus. Milk safety is a top priority.

Antiviral Medications: antiviral drugs (e.g., oseltamivir) are available for treatment and prophylaxis (prevention) of H5N1 infection in humans.

Vaccine Growth: research is underway to develop a human vaccine against H5N1, but it is indeed not yet widely available.

Practical Tips for Individuals:

Avoid Contact: Avoid contact with sick or dead birds and livestock.

Hand Hygiene: Practice frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after being outdoors or around animals.

Report Illness: if you experience flu-like symptoms after contact with dairy cattle or poultry, seek medical attention and inform your healthcare provider about your exposure.

* Safe Food Handling: Properly cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).

The Impact on the Dairy Industry and Food Supply

The H5N1 outbreak poses a significant challenge to the dairy farming industry. Reduced milk production, farm closures, and increased biosecurity costs are impacting farmers’ livelihoods. While the outbreak has not yet caused widespread disruptions to the food supply, ongoing monitoring is essential to prevent further escalation.

Economic Considerations: