More Americans are increasingly turning to GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and Wegovy for assistance with weight loss and blood sugar control. In fact, recent estimates suggest that approximately one in eight adults has tried a GLP-1 drug. However, as these medications become more prevalent, a critical gap in patient support is emerging: many prescribers have limited formal training in nutrition, leaving individuals unsure about how to optimize their diet while on these therapies.
These medications work by mimicking a natural hormone that regulates appetite and blood sugar, but they don’t provide a complete solution. Registered dietitian Paige Smathers notes that the introduction of GLP-1s has sparked debate within the nutrition field, with some dietitians expressing caution while others are eager to integrate them responsibly into patient care. Smathers believes the decision to use these drugs is a personal one between a patient and their doctor.
“When they come to me, it’s my job to help them do well with the medication and meet their needs and promote health,” Smathers explained. This involves a comprehensive discussion of food choices, eating patterns, and ensuring adequate nutritional intake, particularly given the medications’ impact on appetite.
Smathers identified three common nutritional missteps she observes among individuals using GLP-1 medications. Addressing these can significantly improve outcomes and overall well-being.
Mistake #1: Trying to Eat as Little as Possible
One of the biggest challenges Smathers sees is patients attempting to drastically reduce their food intake while on GLP-1s. The misconception that “less is more” can be detrimental. “Really, nutrition and health is all about getting enough,” she emphasized, “enough of any particular nutrient, enough of total calories and energy.” The goal isn’t simply to restrict calories, but to align eating patterns with the body’s actual needs.
Smathers cautions against under-eating to the point of altering metabolism or experiencing significant discomfort and nutrient deficiencies. She acknowledges that reduced appetite is a common side effect, but encourages a structured approach to eating. “If you expect perfect hunger every time you eat, then you’re probably gonna get into some trouble,” she said. She recommends establishing a routine and proactively considering what foods can be consumed even when appetite is low. “What foods could you chew and swallow and get into your body right now?” she asks. “Some foods are a little easier to eat when you’re in a place of a low appetite than others.”
Mistake #2: Insufficient Protein Intake
Weight loss achieved with GLP-1 medications can often include a reduction in lean body mass. Smathers explains that adequate protein intake is crucial to mitigate this effect. “That is one of the nutrients that we’ll wanna focus on,” she said. However, when appetite is suppressed, individuals often gravitate towards quick and convenient foods that may not be nutritionally balanced, often lacking sufficient protein. “It doesn’t always have a lot of protein,” she emphasized. “If your appetite is low, you’re gonna have to think a bit more about getting that protein in.”
Mistake #3: Not Consuming Enough Total Calories
Smathers stresses the importance of ensuring adequate overall calorie intake while on GLP-1 medication. Maintaining sufficient energy levels is vital for supporting physical activity and overall health. “Make sure that you can still exercise and move your body and strength train and do other health‑promoting behaviors,” she said.
You can find more advice from Paige Smathers on Instagram (@paigesmathersrd) or at positive-nutrition.com.
As GLP-1 medications continue to gain popularity, a collaborative approach between healthcare providers and registered dietitians will be essential to ensure patients receive comprehensive support. Addressing these common nutritional pitfalls can help individuals maximize the benefits of these medications while maintaining their overall health and well-being. Future research will likely focus on personalized nutrition strategies tailored to individual responses to GLP-1 therapy.
What are your experiences with GLP-1 medications and nutrition? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance on your health and treatment options.
