A seemingly healthy athlete, Layne, faced a life-threatening crisis when she experienced a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a rare heart condition. What began as chest pain quickly escalated, requiring immediate and complex surgical intervention. Her case underscores the importance of rapid diagnosis and specialized care for this often-misunderstood condition.
SCAD differs from the more common heart attack caused by plaque buildup. Instead, it involves a tear in a coronary artery wall, restricting blood flow to the heart. While the exact causes of SCAD remain under investigation, it can occur in individuals with no traditional heart disease risk factors, making diagnosis challenging. The condition affects women more often than men, particularly around the time of pregnancy or postpartum, though it can occur in anyone.
During Layne’s surgery, the medical team faced a critical juncture. Doctors cautioned her family that her condition was precarious and recovery was not guaranteed. Cardiologists rely on a measurement called ejection fraction – the percentage of blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction – to assess heart function. A normal ejection fraction typically falls between 55% and 70% according to Atrium Health. Layne’s case presented a significant challenge to maintaining adequate cardiac output.
The Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute at Atrium Health, where Layne received care, is recognized for its advanced cardiovascular programs. The institute is a high performer in several heart procedures and conditions, as recognized by U.S. News & World Report. They offer specialized services including advanced heart failure treatment, structural and valvular heart disease repair, and cardiovascular surgery.
Understanding Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)
SCAD is a relatively uncommon cause of acute coronary syndrome, accounting for approximately 1-5% of heart attacks according to Novant Health. Symptoms can mimic those of a traditional heart attack, including chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating. But, SCAD often occurs in individuals without typical risk factors like high cholesterol or high blood pressure.
Diagnosis typically involves coronary angiography, a procedure where dye is injected into the coronary arteries to visualize any blockages or tears. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the dissection and the patient’s overall health. In some cases, conservative management with medication may be sufficient. However, in more severe cases, like Layne’s, surgical intervention may be necessary.
The Role of Specialized Cardiovascular Centers
The successful management of SCAD often relies on access to specialized cardiovascular centers equipped with the expertise and technology to handle complex cases. These centers frequently participate in clinical trials and offer innovative treatments. Atrium Health Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, for example, is involved in ongoing research and offers advanced therapies like left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and heart transplantation.
Finding a qualified cardiologist is a crucial first step for anyone experiencing heart-related symptoms. WebMD lists numerous cardiovascular disease specialists in Charlotte, NC, with many possessing decades of experience. Novant Health also provides a directory of cardiovascular doctors dedicated to heart health.
Layne’s case serves as a powerful reminder of the unpredictable nature of heart disease and the importance of seeking prompt medical attention for any concerning symptoms. While SCAD is a rare condition, increased awareness and rapid diagnosis can significantly improve outcomes for those affected.
The long-term implications for patients who have experienced SCAD are still being studied. Ongoing follow-up care with a cardiologist is essential to monitor heart health and manage any potential complications. Further research is needed to better understand the causes of SCAD and develop more effective prevention strategies.
Disclaimer: This article provides informational content about medical topics and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any health condition.
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