2023-10-19 22:04:26
On Friday, October 20th, the book of history records, among other things:
1848: The military conquest of Vienna is announced: the imperial commander-in-chief, Prince Alfred zu Windischgrätz, declares a state of siege on the city, and all civil authorities are placed under military supervision.
1883: The Peace of Ancón ended the “Saltpeter War” that broke out in 1879 between Chile, Bolivia and Peru. Through its military victory, Chile gains the world monopoly on natural saltpeter. (It is used in the production of explosives, gunpowder and paint).
1908: The historical monumental film “The Last Days of Pompeii” by Luigi Maggi and Arturo Ambrosio becomes the first international success of the Italian film industry.
1913: Sigmund Freud publishes his psychoanalytic treatise “Totem and Taboo”.
1918: First radio propaganda broadcast: A US naval station calls on the Germans to rise up once morest the regime of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which is held responsible for the war.
1918: German troops evacuate the Belgian city of Bruges.
1923: In Berlin, bakeries are surrounded by angry crowds due to a lack of bread.
1938: British troops put down a three-day Arab uprising in Jerusalem.
1948: The Belgian Senate rejects a Christian Social initiative to hold a referendum on the return of King Leopold III. Socialists and liberals vote once morest the draft.
1948: French President Vincent Auriol receives in Paris the Vietnamese former emperor Bao Dai, who abdicated in 1945 and placed power in the hands of the communist-led government of Ho Chi Minh. At the meeting, it was agreed to establish a pro-French semi-sovereign government in South Vietnam under Bao Dai’s authority.
1968: The Greek shipowner and billionaire Aristotle Onassis (62) marries Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (39), former American first lady and widow of US President John F. Kennedy (assassinated in 1963), on his island of Skorpios.
1973: In connection with the Watergate affair, US President Nixon fires special prosecutor Cox and Deputy Attorney General Ruckelshaus. Attorney General Richardson then resigns.
1973: The inauguration ceremony for the newly built opera house takes place in Sydney, Australia, in the presence of the British Queen Elizabeth II. The shell-shaped building becomes one of the city’s landmarks and was designed by the Danish architect Jørn Utzon.
1988: There are heated debates in the National Council regarding Thomas Bernhard’s play “Heldenplatz”.
1988: Harold Pinter’s play “Mountain Language” premieres in London.
1993: Serbian President Slobodan Milošević dissolves parliament and orders new elections.
1998: The coalition agreement for the first red-green German federal government is signed in Bonn.
2003: Because of the Iraq campaign and a series of tax cuts from the Bush administration, the US budget deficit has reached a new record level of $374 billion (€321 billion).
2003: The FPÖ is making a change in the office of Vice Chancellor: Hubert Gorbach replaces Herbert Haupt, and State Secretary Ursula Haubner, Jörg Haider’s sister, is appointed acting party leader.
2008: The Saliera thief, who was arrested in January 2006 and sentenced to five years in prison, is released early.
2018: Two and a half weeks following the disappearance of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi Arabia admits for the first time that the royal critic was killed in the consulate in Istanbul. He died following a fight broke out with people he met at the consulate, prosecutors in Riyadh claimed. Saudi Arabia had previously denied persistent allegations from Turkey that Khashoggi was killed in the embassy and his body was taken out of the building.
Birthdays: Guillermo Valencia, Colombia writer (1873-1943); Peter R. Hofstätter, Austrian psychologist (1913-1994); Werner Maihofer, German politician (1918-2009); Otfried Preußler, German writer (1923-2013); Li Peng, Chinese. politician (1928-2019); Michael Birkmeyer, Eastern Ballet Director (1943); Ivo Pogorelich, Croatian. Pianist (1958).
Days of death: César Ritz, black hotelier (1850-1918); Bernhard Karlgren, Swedish linguist (1889-1978); Sister Emmanuelle, Belgian-French. nun (1908-2008); Franz Tumler, Eastern writer (1912-1998); Wim Kok, Dutch Politician, Prime Minister 1994-2002 (1938-2018).
Name days: Wendelin, Vitalis, Adeline, Felizian, Irina, Andreas, Martha, Irene, Ira, Iris, Sergius.
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