In the eyes of the Myanmar government The word Rohingya is a non-existent word. The government wants their identity to be executed. does not admit that he is a minority is an ethnic group Eligible to live in northern Rakhine State (Arakan) Be a citizen of Myanmar The government is making them no nation, no state, if only a foreigner who the government identifies as “Bengali” and should migrate across the border back to Bangladesh. but actually These people who call themselves the “Rohingya” around the world, scholars and historians know them by this name. So why was this name completely rejected by the rulers of Myanmar?
population
I tried to find out from Wikipedia what is the population of Rohingya. The answer is about 2.9 million Rohingya, more than their friends, are now in Bangladesh. In 2017, tragedy drove Rohingya from Rakhine State. This caused nearly a million Rohingya to flee from Myanmar. live in bangladesh And there are a number of refugees who have migrated shortly before. Others are indigenous peoples living in the highlands known as Chittagong Ridge in Bangladesh. At present, the total population of Rohingya is about 1.3. Millions of people live in Bangladesh. (Most of them are in refugee camps), so only 600,000 people remain in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. (Most of them are in the three main cities: Mongdaw, Bouthi Tong, and Rateddang, and about six northern Rakhine cities.) Wikipedia shows the distribution of the Rohingya population as follows.
religion
Almost all of the Rohingya practice Islam. It is assumed that most of Burma’s Muslims adopted Islam from Arab traders and from India. Myanmar government recognizes Muslim Kamen to have the status of a minority in Rakhine State but does not accept Rohingya Muslims Yangon’s Muslim community is descended from India. Approximately half of the Muslims are called serbadi, who are culturally accepted. including the lifestyle – clothes and language of Burma and are often descended from marriages between Indian Muslim men and Burmese women. It is estimated that the Muslim population is about 3-4% (the Burmese authorities did not count Rohingya at the time of the census), a proportion that has not changed over many decades. This is in stark contrast to Buddhist extremist claims that the Muslim population is growing rapidly and is about to outpace the Buddhist population.
In conclusion, the Rohingya population in Myanmar is less than one million. (of the total population of Myanmar, about 55 million people) and the Muslim population is a very small proportion. (about twice as many as the Christian population) is not a problem that poses a threat to the security of the Buddhist population at all.
language
Language is an important marker of ethnicity. According to Wikipedia, There are approximately 1.8 million Rohingya speakers. The language belongs to the Indo-European language family. Indo-Aryan languages Eastern Indo-Aryan Branch Bengal-Assam Sub-Branch Close to the Chittagong language in Bangladesh There are many borrowed words from Urdu, Bengal, Persian, Arabic, Burmese and English. There are a variety of scripts used to write Rohingya, such as Arabic, Urdu, Burmese and, most recently, Roman. Arabic writing dates back 300 years. When Rakhine was under British rule some 250 years ago, the Rohingya used English and Urdu to communicate in writing. But after Burma gained independence in 1948 and used Burmese as the official language. The Rohingya began to develop their own writing system in 1975. They developed a writing system by adapting the Urdu script. But tonal symbols must be added. It can be said that the Rohingya have long had their own spoken language. Then developed a written language starting with the Arabic alphabet. Then use the Urdu script that is popular in Pakistan. before turning to the Burmese alphabet when the Burmese ruled in Rakhine State But in the future may turn to the use of the Roman alphabet according to the influence of the West. It can be seen that it is difficult to preserve the culture and language of ethnic minorities. Wherever you are, if not careful, any language with a small number of speakers and no written language and literature. will decline until the risk of extinction in the end We should regard language as an invaluable treasure that native speakers should preserve and develop further. Don’t let it go as the saying goes. “End of language is the end of the nation”
history
Now let’s consider Another important element of ethnicity. that is history Let me admit that perhaps the history of a particular ethnicity is fictitious or just a fantasy. Dreaming of ethnic grandeur that has existed since the distant past. There are some people who believe that Thai people are descended from God Siew louse. The second monarch in the Chinese chronicles reigned between 2054 and 1871 B.C.E. He is the ancestor of the Thai people. whose descendants later became mountain dwellers in the provinces of Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guijiu, Sichuan and Yunnan, where the Chinese met this mountain in the Han Dynasty. Another story about the old Thai people is. Thai people come from the Altai Mountains. This story originated from a book titled Lak Thai, first published in 1928, written by Khun Wichitmatra. It was a book that made the Siamese elite at that time very excited. Because it helped answer the question that has been bothering me for a long time. Where did Thai people originate from the map of the world? causing such beliefs to be published in textbooks and spread in society
As for the Rohingya which is a small minority group would not have a written history may only be told And historians are still debating how the Rohingya came to be. There is an assumption that Mu Muslims who live in the Mayu Basin, adjacent to Bangladesh. Probably an ethnic group that is related to the current Rohingya people. A Rakhine history expert It has tried to divide the Muslims in Rakhine into four groups: Bengali and Chittagong Muslims in Mayu district, Muslims descended from the Mayak kingdom. Mrauk U (or Mrauk U) of ancient Rakhine (1430-1785), Kaman Muslims on Rambra Island descended from mercenaries from South Asia. by traveling to serve in the Rakhine Royal Court and the Burmese Muslims in the Mayu border region who came to settle in Burma during the reign of King Padung of the Kong Bong dynasty conquered Rakhine in 1784-1785
The development of the Rohingya people is linked to the ancient Rakhine style of governance. In which later there were both Hindu and Islamic rulers of Indian descent. with a group of princes of Tibetan-Burmese descent who practice Buddhism took turns taking over political power Until Rakhine became a hybrid kingdom between Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. Scholars who believe that Rohingya have long lived in the region explain that the name “Rohingya” may be related to the old nickname. To the people of Rakhine or Rakhine (Rakhine), which is probably distorted from the ancient Pali language that “Rakkhaso” (or Sanskrit that “Raksa”), which means giant, or may mean The guardian of Indra’s castle on Mount Phra Sumen While another scholar believes that the word Rohingya may be distorted from the word “Rohang” or Rohang, which he assumed. It is the traditional name used to refer to the ancient Rakhine region.
A number of scholars consider the indigenous Rakhine people to be classified as Mongoloids. However, some historians have attempted to erase the old and distinctive Rohingya, explaining that the Rohingya had only just begun to migrate during the period. Rakhine was under Burmese and British rule. The occupation of Rakhine by King Padung was a mission to prosper and nurture Burma’s Buddhism. Immigrants fleeing Burma Army pursuit There are about 50,000 people, most of them are Rakhine Buddhists. They are not Rohingya, therefore Rohingya do not have a definite identity compared to Rakhine Buddhists. and may be just foreign people who do not have roots like other people
violence
This latest comment is in line with the Burmese military’s (Tatmadaw) nationalism that has propelled it into a dominant discourse, saying the British who used to bully us. brought the Rohingya across the border to work in large agricultural fields. when they weren’t invited. We are therefore considered illegal migrants. We do not recognize them as ethnic minorities who originally lived in the land. They deserve to be pushed back. Of course, neighboring countries like India or Bangladesh. It also does not accept Rohingya in Myanmar as citizens of their country. Rohingya Jails linger This is because we focus on countries and borders. until they could not see the black eyed people if they asked their opinion would have received an answer that They want to stay safe. and there is a way to make a living Just like normal people. It’s not fun without the whole nation. (The government does not recognize this ethnicity) and does not have an entire state. (The government assumes they are not citizens of the state.)
On August 29, 2022, an article was published in a newspaper. The article titled “5th Anniversary of the Rohingya Tragedy: The Necessity of the Existence of Ethnic Armed Forces” is no less skeptical. For example, it states that the RSO, or The Rohingya Solidarity Organization, “is a major obstacle and barrier preventing the Myanmar military from deploying its full force of attack and clearance.” new often moving through social media The article also said The Rohingya armed forces cannot really protect the people. Unlike the Arakan Army or The Arakan Army – AA that can carry out military operations in the area. until the Myanmar Army came to be considerate
The Myanmar government has been trying to negotiate peace with various ethnic forces, while the most advanced of the talks was President Thein Sein’s reign in 2015, when the government and 16 ethnic forces reached a ceasefire agreement. This means that each side will be in their own stronghold. But when it came to the government led by Aung San Suu Kyi’s League of Nations for Democracy, there was little progress in peace.
The cited article recognizes the necessity of the existence of ethnic armed forces. Other groups have to be assessed on a case-by-case basis, but for Rohingya, groups like the RSO or ARSA have no strength to defend the Rohingya. Taking into account the hatred that Tatmadaw and the general Burmese have against the Rohingya. Instead, the RSO’s operation justified Tatmadaw’s brutal crackdown, as evidenced in a 2017 interview with Gen. (The official name for the Rohingya) in Rakhine State is a legitimate act. and also likened to the mission of the Burma Army as a suppression The UK government’s “terrorists” in Northern Ireland The attack was justified as a crackdown on the RSO, the “terrorist” RSO’s intention to protect the Rohingya. It had the opposite effect in practice: nearly one million Rohingya had to flee to Bangladesh. It was a great tragedy. Readers may think that the Myanmar military has come for an opportunity to “Clean the Rohingya ethnicity” (Rohingya Ethnic Cleansing), which is probably true.
The Rohingya Statelessness Problem: Just Allowing Citizenship Is No Problem
Myanmar government Since Thein Sein, Aung San Suu Kyi, or Min Aung Hlaing, there have been ongoing policies aimed at eliminating the Rohingya ethnicity from the directory. Human rights organization Fortify Rights named the policy “Genocide by Attrition” This policy began with the enactment of the Citizenship Law. which has the effect of accepting minorities who were originally registered as citizens This does not include Rohingyas claiming to have recently entered the country. Additionally, it appears to be stipulated that if the father is not a citizen, the child is not. even if born in the country (Sorry if there’s an error because I didn’t have time to study this.) Therefore, Rohingya children, even born in Myanmar, are forever foreigners. Now comes the practical measures. In 2014, the government conducted the last census. If the Rohingya show up and said it was Rohingya The staff will fill in the message as “Bengali”, if not accepted, the survey will fall. If accepted, they immediately become foreigners. The National Verification Card will be issued by the staff, which is not a guarantee of citizenship.
The Rohingya tragedy will continue for a long time. Will future democratic governments help? (Note that the government of Aung San Suu Kyi Can’t help?) Or will I have to wait for a peace agreement with different ethnic groups (it’s been over seventy years since peace is still in place) or have to wait? “Myanmar Union” changed to However, our hope is to respect the diversity and fundamental rights of all who live together. Respect even those we name them otherwise. Respect even his name Rohingya or Bangali Because that’s just a fictional name, isn’t it? The important thing is that his own life should be treated with dignity.
In the newspaper also dated August 29, there is an article titled “Go…Taiwan…Come…Chiang Rai”, which tells of how around 1949 the Kuomintang soldiers lost the war, Chiang Kai-shek ordered about 2.5 soldiers and people. Millions of people fled to Taiwan, but the 93rd Brigade, along with tens of thousands of families, did not go along. just retreat to the Burmese city of Kengtung The Burmese leader cannot allow armed forces in his territory, hot to the CIA, where one official has been appointed an ambassador to Thailand. to act as a mediator until Thailand allows them to stay, but has to act as a buffer and prohibit drug trafficking They set up Santikhiri Village at Mae Salong. Establish a school Planting fruit trees in the winter, doing trade, are now the 3-4th generation descendants who live in harmony with the Thai people. have a happy life Santikhiri Village and Mae Salong became the top ten tourist destinations in Thailand. By comparison, the 93rd Brigade entered Thailand after the Rohingya claimed to come with the British colonies. passed a few generations Their children have benefited and can live well with Thai people. It is hoped that one day the Rohingya (also known as the Bangali in Rakhine) will live in harmony and at peace with the Rakhine and other ethnic groups.
Gothom Areeya