Eswatini MPs Declared Prisoners of Conscience by Amnesty International Amid Deepening Repression
In a notable move, amnesty International has officially designated Eswatini Members of parliament Bacede Mabuza and Mthandeni Dube as prisoners of conscience, four years after their imprisonment for peacefully exercising fundamental human rights. The human rights institution asserts that the MPs were unjustly detained for their advocacy of freedom of expression, association, and political participation.
The designation underscores Amnesty International’s stance that Mabuza and Dube should never have been arrested. Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa, stated, “By designating Bacede Mabuza and Mthandeni Dube as prisoners of conscience, Amnesty International affirms that they should never have been arrested in the first place. Their continued arbitrary detention shows Eswatini’s deepening climate of repression and misuse of the justice system to punish those who dare criticize the government.”
The imprisonment of these parliamentarians for speaking out represents a critical transgression, according to Amnesty International. the organization is calling for the immediate and unconditional release of Mabuza and Dube, urging the Eswatini authorities to quash their convictions and sentences. Moreover, Amnesty International advocates for the repeal or amendment of legislation that criminalizes human rights and political activism, ensuring alignment with international human rights standards.
Amnesty international has consistently voiced concerns regarding Eswatini authorities’ escalating intolerance towards peaceful dissent. This includes the arbitrary detention, harassment, and prosecution of activists, opposition leaders, and pro-democracy campaigners.
Background of the Case
Bacede Mabuza and Mthandeni Dube were arrested on July 25, 2021, following their outspoken support for legal reforms and calls for constitutional change in Eswatini. They were subsequently convicted on charges widely seen as fabricated, including those levied under the Suppression of Terrorism Act of 2008 and the Sedition and Subversive Activities Act of 1938. These laws have faced widespread criticism for their vague definitions, which critics argue create a chilling effect on fundamental rights, especially the right to freedom of expression.
On July 31, 2024, the High Court of Eswatini handed down lengthy prison sentences to Mabuza and Dube, sentencing them to 85 and 58 years, respectively.
Amnesty International defines a “prisoner of conscience” as an individual imprisoned or otherwise physically restricted due to their political, religious, or other conscientiously held beliefs, ethnic origin, sex, colour, language, national or social origin, economic status, birth, sexual orientation, or other status, provided they have neither used nor advocated violence.
What specific legal rights have the detained Swazi MPs had violated, according to reports?
Swazi MPs Held Without Cause: Amnesty Designates Them Prisoners of Concious
The Arrests and Detention of Swazi Parliamentarians
in a concerning development for human rights and democratic principles in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), several Members of Parliament (MPs) have been detained without due process, prompting international condemnation and a designation of “Prisoners of Conscience” by Amnesty International. These arrests, occurring amidst ongoing pro-democracy protests and political unrest, represent a significant escalation in the government’s crackdown on dissent. The core issue revolves around the MPs’ alleged involvement in advocating for political reforms and supporting calls for greater accountability from the ruling monarchy.
key MPs currently held include [Insert Names of MPs – research needed to populate]. Their detention stems from accusations of inciting violence and undermining the authority of the state – charges widely disputed by human rights organizations and legal observers.The lack of transparent legal proceedings and reports of ill-treatment in custody further exacerbate the situation.
Amnesty International’s prisoner of Conscience Designation
amnesty International’s designation is a critical development. “Prisoners of Conscience” are individuals imprisoned solely for their peacefully expressed beliefs,political views,ethnic origin,sex,color,language,religion,or sexual orientation. This designation carries significant weight, placing international pressure on the Eswatini government to release the MPs unconditionally.
Here’s what the designation signifies:
Violation of Fundamental Rights: The arrests directly violate the MPs’ rights to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly – rights enshrined in international human rights law.
Political Motivation: Amnesty International believes the detentions are politically motivated, aimed at silencing dissenting voices and suppressing legitimate calls for democratic reform.
Increased Scrutiny: The designation brings increased international scrutiny to Eswatini’s human rights record, potentially leading to sanctions or other diplomatic consequences.
Advocacy Efforts: Amnesty International will actively campaign for the MPs’ release, mobilizing its global network to raise awareness and pressure the Eswatini government.
Legal Concerns and Due Process Violations
The legal framework surrounding the MPs’ detention is fraught with concerns. reports indicate several violations of due process, including:
Prolonged Detention Without charge: MPs have been held for extended periods without being formally charged with a crime, exceeding legal limits.
Denial of Access to Legal Counsel: access to lawyers has been restricted, hindering the MPs’ ability to defend themselves effectively.
Lack of Clarity: The charges against the MPs remain vague and unsubstantiated, with limited information provided to their families and the public.
Concerns of torture and Ill-Treatment: Credible reports suggest that some MPs have been subjected to torture or other forms of ill-treatment while in custody. [Requires verification and sourcing]
These violations undermine the rule of law and raise serious questions about the fairness and impartiality of the Eswatini justice system. The situation highlights the urgent need for autonomous investigations into the allegations of abuse and for the government to adhere to international legal standards.
The Context: Pro-Democracy Movement in Eswatini
The arrests of the MPs are not isolated incidents but are part of a broader pattern of repression in response to growing pro-democracy protests. Eswatini is an absolute monarchy, where King Mswati III holds significant power. For years, activists and civil society organizations have been calling for constitutional reforms, including a transition to a more democratic system of governance.
Key demands of the pro-democracy movement include:
Constitutional reform: A new constitution that limits the King’s power and establishes a more accountable government.
Parliamentary Elections: Free and fair parliamentary elections, allowing citizens to choose their representatives without interference.
Judicial Independence: An independent judiciary, free from political influence.
freedom of Expression and Assembly: Respect for fundamental rights, including freedom of speech, assembly, and association.
The recent protests were sparked by [Insert specific event that triggered recent protests – research needed], and have been met with a harsh response from the security forces, including the use of excessive force and arbitrary arrests.
International Response and Calls for release
The international community has largely condemned the arrests and called for the immediate and unconditional release of the MPs.
United Nations: The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has expressed concern over the deteriorating human rights situation in Eswatini and urged the government to respect fundamental freedoms.
African Union: The African Union has called for dialog between the government and opposition groups to resolve the political crisis.
Southern African Development community (SADC): SADC has been criticized for its muted response to the situation in Eswatini, with some observers calling for stronger intervention.
International Governments: Several governments, including [List countries – research needed], have issued statements expressing concern and calling for the MPs’ release.
The Role of Civil Society and Human Rights Organizations
Civil society organizations and human rights groups are playing a crucial role in documenting abuses, providing legal assistance to detainees, and advocating for the release of the MPs.Organizations like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and local Eswatini groups are working tirelessly to raise awareness about the situation and pressure the government to respect human rights. Supporting these organizations through donations and advocacy efforts is vital.
