Bird Flu in Toronto: Winter’s Chill Fuels Avian Influenza surge

Toronto’s wildlife is facing a heightened threat from avian influenza (H5N1) this winter.According too officials, the colder-than-average weather has fueled an increase in cases among birds.

A Biting Cold, a virus Resurgence

Heather Reid, head veterinarian at the Toronto Wildlife Center, reported an uptick in avian influenza cases at the beginning of 2025. “In january, after we started having very cold weather, we started seeing increased reporting of suspicious birds that were showing symptoms that seemed consistent with avian influenza,” she explained.

Reid attributes the surge to several factors. First, the virus can survive in cold temperatures. Secondly, as water freezes, birds are forced to gather in limited open areas, increasing their susceptibility to transmission. the stress of the cold may weaken their immune systems,making them more vulnerable.

She notes that this seasonal pattern isn’t new: similar increases in H5N1 cases were observed in Toronto after a cold snap during the winter of 2024.

The Human Risk: Rare but Real

While infection is possible, it’s exceedingly rare for humans to contract bird flu. The virus spreads through contact with animal feces and secretions,including mucus,saliva,and respiratory droplets. Transmission to humans can occur through inhalation, or if these substances come into contact with a person’s eyes, nose, or mouth.

It is crucial to understand that there is no evidence to suggest that eating properly cooked poultry or eggs can transmit H5N1 to humans.

canada’s First Human Case: A Cause for Concern

Last year, a 13-year-old in British Columbia became Canada’s first confirmed case of human avian flu. The teenager spent two months in hospital, requiring intensive care. “The teen spent about two months in hospital, some of it on life support in an ICU,”

Fortunately, there is no evidence of sustained person-to-person spread. However,this occurrence has prompted proactive measures by the Canadian government.

Government Intervention: A Preemptive Strike

On Wednesday, the Public Health Agency of Canada announced that it has secured an initial supply of 500,000 doses of a vaccine against the circulating H5N1 strain. This initiative is a precautionary measure aimed at protecting individuals most at risk from exposure to infected animals.

spring Predictions: Uncertainty and Vigilance

As Toronto anticipates warmer weather, the trajectory of avian influenza remains uncertain. Reid explains that avian flu, like human influenza, is seasonal and exhibits variations in severity across different strains.

While the return of migratory birds in the spring could lead to renewed outbreaks, reid anticipates a decline in cases by June, as high temperatures typically hinder the virus’s survival.

Beyond Birds: Expanding Threats and Protective Measures

The risk posed by avian influenza extends beyond birds. Other animals that scavenge on infected bird carcasses, such as dogs and cats, can contract the virus. In 2023, a dog in Oshawa tragically lost its life after consuming a dead goose likely infected with avian flu pathogens.

“The risk of infection is a good reason to keep dogs on leash and cats indoors, Reid said.

Staying Informed and Safe

The current situation underscores the importance of staying informed about avian influenza, adopting preventative measures, and reporting any suspected cases to local authorities. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, we can collectively work to minimize the impact of this evolving threat.

– What specific steps can Torontonians take to protect themselves and their pets from avian flu?

Bird Flu in Toronto: Winter’s Chill Fuels Avian Influenza Surge

this winter, as officials report an increase in cases among birds due to the colder-than-average weather.