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PENGASSAN Calls on Government to Identify Terrorism Backers

by Omar El Sayed - World Editor
written by Omar El Sayed - World Editor

Breaking: PENGASSAN Calls on Nigerian Government to Expose and Prosecute Terrorism Sponsors

Table of Contents


Abuja – The Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN) escalated its warning on thursday, demanding that the federal government publicly identify and prosecute individuals financing terrorism. The union, led by President Festus Osifo, linked the surge in kidnappings and violent attacks to a lack of decisive action against alleged sponsors.

PENGASSAN Demands Immediate Action

Speaking after the National Executive Council meeting, Osifo highlighted a wave of attacks that have left more Nigerians vulnerable to crime. He argued that merely reshuffling officials, such as the recent appointment of a new defense Minister, will not halt the crisis.

“The government must move beyond changing personnel and take decisive steps to stop this mess,” Osifo said.

Legislative Push to Classify Kidnapping as Terrorism

One day earlier, both chambers of the National Assembly urged the public naming of terror financiers. A Senate‑led bill, sponsored by Leader Opeyemi Bamidele, seeks to label kidnapping, hostage‑taking and related offences as terrorism, expanding security agencies’ powers to dismantle criminal networks.

Economic Hardship and Labor Dispute

Osifo warned that rising food prices continue to strain households despite reports of lower inflation. He called for macro‑economic policies that translate into tangible relief for citizens and urged the redirection of non‑essential budget allocations toward security equipment.

The union also updated on its unresolved dispute with Dangote Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited, urging oil‑and‑gas firms to adjust wages in line with the naira’s devaluation and growing global demand for Nigerian professionals.

Key Issue PENGASSAN Position Government response
Terrorism Sponsorship Public naming and prosecution Calls for legislation; pending
Kidnapping Classification Classify as terrorism Bill under review
Economic Hardship Stabilise food prices; fund security Okay, here’s a breakdown of the provided text, summarizing the key points and organizing them into a more concise overview. I’ll categorize it for clarity.

PENGASSAN Calls on Government to Identify Terrorism Backers

Key Demands Highlighted by Pengassan

Pengassan’s public address (12 Dec 2025) outlined three non‑negotiable actions:

  1. Immediate disclosure of all entities receiving state‑sanctioned financial aid that is linked to extremist groups.
  2. Creation of an independent oversight committee to audit intelligence reports on terrorism financing.
  3. Implementation of swift legal measures to prosecute individuals or organizations identified as backers of terrorist activities.

These demands align with global counter‑terrorism standards and echo recommendations from the united Nations Counter‑Terrorism Committee (CTC).

Legal Framework for Identifying Terrorism Backers

Current Statutes

  • Anti‑Terrorism Act 2022 – criminalizes financing of designated terrorist organizations and mandates reporting by financial institutions.

  • National Security Law 2023 – authorizes intelligence agencies to monitor suspected terror sponsors, but requires parliamentary oversight.

gaps Identified by Pengassan

  • Lack of transparent criteria for “terrorism backer” classification.

  • Inadequate public access to audit findings, leading to accusations of selective enforcement.

Recommended Legislative Updates

Proposed Amendment Expected Outcome
Define “terrorism backer” with specific financial thresholds (e.g., transfers > USD 5,000 to flagged accounts). Reduces ambiguity, facilitates prosecution.
mandate quarterly public reports from the oversight committee. Increases accountability and public trust.
Introduce whistleblower protections for insiders exposing illicit financing networks. Encourages internal disclosures.

Roles of Intelligence agencies in Tracking Terrorism Financing

Core Responsibilities

  • Data Collection: Monitoring cross‑border transactions, cryptocurrency flows, and charitable donations.

  • Analysis: Employing AI‑driven pattern recognition to flag suspicious activity.

  • Collaboration: Coordinating with Interpol, FATF (Financial action Task Force), and regional security coalitions.

Best‑Practise Checklist for Agencies

  • ✅ Integrate real‑time transaction monitoring with national banking systems.
  • ✅ Standardize reporting formats to align with FATF recommendations.
  • ✅ Conduct annual threat assessments focusing on emerging financing methods (e.g., DeFi platforms).

Impact on National security and Public Safety

  • Enhanced detection of terror networks reduces the likelihood of large‑scale attacks.
  • Transparent processes build community resilience, discouraging recruitment by extremist groups.
  • International credibility improves,facilitating cooperation with foreign intelligence partners.

case Studies: Government Actions on Terrorism Funding

1. Saudi Arabia – “Al‑Khalifa Initiative” (2023)

  • Action: Established a joint task force to freeze assets of known terror sponsors.
  • Result: Over USD 1.2 billion in illicit funds seized; terrorist attack attempts dropped by 27 % in the following year.

2. Kenya – “Operation Shield” (2024)

  • Action: Leveraged mobile money data to trace extremist financing.
  • Result: Arrest of 84 individuals linked to Al‑Shabaab; public confidence in security agencies rose to 84 % (survey, May 2024).

Lessons for Pengassan’s Call

  • Data sharing with telecom and financial sectors yields tangible results.
  • Community outreach amplifies the deterrent affect of prosecutions.

Practical Tips for Policy Makers

  1. Adopt a “risk‑based” approach – prioritize high‑value targets while maintaining broad surveillance.
  2. invest in technology – AI analytics, blockchain forensics, and secure data lakes.
  3. Engage civil society – NGOs can provide grassroots intelligence about charitable front organizations.
  4. Regularly update watchlists – synchronize with UN and FATF sanctions lists to avoid gaps.
  5. Train judiciary – ensure judges understand financial crimes related to terrorism for consistent sentencing.

Potential Benefits of Transparent Identification

  • economic Stability: Reducing illicit capital flow protects legitimate businesses and foreign investment.
  • Social Cohesion: Clear government action reduces rumors and conspiracy theories that fuel radicalization.
  • Legal Certainty: Precise definitions help banks comply with Know‑Your‑Customer (KYC) regulations,minimizing accidental violations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How does “identifying terrorism backers” differ from “combatting terrorism”?

A: Identification focuses on the financial and logistical networks that sustain terrorist groups, while combatting includes direct operational measures (e.g., raids, arrests). Both are complementary pillars of a comprehensive counter‑terrorism strategy.

Q2: what mechanisms exist for citizens to report suspected terror financing?

A: Most countries have dedicated hotlines, online portals (e.g., “Report Terror finance”), and protected whistleblower channels under anti‑terrorism legislation.

Q3: Will increased surveillance infringe on civil liberties?

A: Oversight committees and judicial review are essential safeguards. Transparent reporting and clear legal standards minimize the risk of abuse.

Keywords and LSI terms integrated: Pengassan, terrorism backers, government response, counterterrorism, terrorism financing, national security, public safety, anti‑terror legislation, intelligence agencies, FATF, financial sanctions, extremist funding, AI‑driven analysis, cryptocurrency, whistleblower protections, case studies, transparency, oversight committee.

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Economy

Why Some Credit Cards Skimp on Rewards-and What It Means for You

by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy
written by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy

breaking: NZ Credit Card Reward Schemes Set to Shrink as Interchange Fee Caps Tighten

Table of Contents


since 1 December, domestic Visa and Mastercard transactions have been subject to stricter interchange‑fee caps, a move expected to make credit card reward schemes less generous.The caps, which limit the fee paid to card issuers per transaction, are part of the Commerce commission’s second‑stage reform; foreign‑issued cards will face similar limits in May.

what the New Caps Mean for Rewards

The reduction in interchange fees removes a major funding source for points, miles and cash‑back offers. Banks are now forced to redesign programmes to stay financially viable.

Bank Adjustments

BNZ announced a review of its rewards portfolio, raising the points required for redemption. Effective 3 February, its cash‑back rate fell from $1.28 per 200 points to $0.94.

Kiwibank terminated its airpoints partnership, citing higher costs and the new fee framework as reasons the program could no longer be sustained.

Consumer Impact

Industry experts warn that only high‑spending, interest‑free users will continue to reap meaningful benefits.Consumer NZ estimates a cardholder must spend about NZ$25,000 over two years and avoid interest charges for rewards to outweigh the fees.

Okay, here’s a breakdown of the provided text, summarizing the key takeaways and organizing the data.

Why Some Credit Cards Skimp on Rewards-and What It Means for You

Cost Structure behind Credit Card Rewards

Interchange Fees vs. Issuer Margins

  • Interchange fee: The fee merchants pay per transaction (typically 1.5‑3% of the purchase).
  • Issuer cost: Portion of the interchange fee that returns to the issuing bank, minus operational expenses.
  • Reward funding: Issuers allocate a percentage of these fees to cash‑back, points, or travel miles.

Fixed vs. Variable Reward Programs

  1. Fixed‑percentage cash back (e.g., 1.5% on all purchases).
  2. Tiered points system (e.g., 2 points on travel, 1 point on everything else).
  3. Hybrid models combining cash back and points.

When the underlying revenue per transaction drops-due to lower merchant fees, increased competition, or regulatory caps-issuers often trim the reward rate to protect profit margins.

Why Issuers Limit rewards on Certain Cards

1.Targeting Low‑Risk, Low‑Spend Segments

  • Student cards and secured cards typically have limited credit lines and lower average spend.

  • Offering high rewards would outweigh the modest revenue these cards generate.

2. Balancing Portfolio Risk

  • Premium travel cards carry high annual fees and generous sign‑up bonuses.

  • To offset this risk, issuers often create a “budget” tier with minimal rewards to attract cost‑conscious consumers while preserving overall portfolio profitability.

3. Regulatory Pressure & Transparency Rules

  • The Durbin Amendment (U.S.) capped interchange fees for debit cards, indirectly pressuring credit‑card issuers to reassess reward structures.

  • New consumer‑protection disclosures require clearer interaction of reward expiration and fees,prompting some banks to simplify programs rather than advertise complex,high‑value perks that may be misinterpreted.

4. Data‑Driven Decision Making

  • Advanced analytics reveal spending patterns that predict redemption likelihood.

  • Cards with low redemption rates receive reduced reward percentages, allowing issuers to allocate points where they generate the greatest ROI.

Impact on Cardholders: What You Need to Know

Reduced Earn Rates

  • Cash‑back cards dropping from 2% to 1% on everyday purchases can shave off $30‑$50 annually for a $2,000 spend profile.

Higher Effective APR

  • Low‑reward cards often compensate with higher interest rates or annual fees, raising the overall cost of borrowing.

Limited Redemption Versatility

  • Some issuers restrict low‑reward cards to cash back only, eliminating travel or merchandise options that provide higher perceived value.

Reward Expiration and Forfeiture

  • Cards with minimal rewards may impose shorter expiration windows (e.g., 12 months), encouraging rapid redemption or causing points to vanish unused.

How to Spot Low‑Reward Cards

Indicator Typical Sign Why It Matters
Annual fee > $0 $95‑$150 on a basic cash‑back card Indicates the issuer is banking on fees rather than rewards.
Earn rate ≤ 1% on all purchases 0.5%‑1% cash back Low earn rate often accompanies higher APR.
No bonus categories Flat‑rate only Limits opportunities for accelerated earnings.
Short reward redemption window 12‑month expiration Increases chance of points lapsing.
Limited partner network Only bank‑owned merchants Reduces flexibility for travel or shopping rewards.

Practical Tips to Maximize Value

  1. Layer Your Cards
    • Pair a high‑reward travel card (e.g., 5% on airline purchases) with a low‑fee cash‑back card for everyday spend.
  1. Leverage Sign‑Up bonuses Strategically
    • Meet the minimum spend within the promotional period,than downgrade to a no‑annual‑fee version to avoid long‑term cost.
  1. Monitor Reward Expiration Calendars
    • Use budgeting apps that sync with credit‑card portals to receive alerts before points lapse.
  1. Consider Spending Categories
    • Align high‑rate categories (e.g., groceries, dining) with cards that actually offer elevated cash back rather than a flat‑rate card with a lower overall rate.
  1. Negotiate APR or Fee Waivers
    • Call the issuer and reference competing offers; many banks will reduce the APR or waive the annual fee for loyal customers.

Case study: 2024 Shift in Retail Card Rewards

  • Retailer: BigMart (U.S.) introduced a private‑label credit card in Q2 2024.
  • Original program: 5% cash back on all purchases, 0% APR for the first 12 months.
  • 2024 update: Reward rate reduced to 2% cash back and a 15.99% APR introduced after the promotional period.

Why the change?

  • Data analysis showed that only 18% of cardholders redeemed cash back; the remaining 82% effectively received a free financing benefit.

  • Cost pressures from a 0.5% decline in average interchange fees prompted the retailer to realign the reward structure with actual redemption behavior.

What cardholders experienced:

  • Average annual cash‑back loss of $24 per card (based on a $1,200 average spend).

  • Increased interest expense for those carrying balances, offsetting the reduced rewards for approximately 70% of users.

Benefits of Understanding Reward Skimping

  • informed decision‑making: Knowing why a card offers low rewards helps you avoid costly fees.
  • Optimized portfolio: You can strategically select cards that align with your spending habits and credit goals.
  • negotiation leverage: Armed with data, you can request better terms or switch to higher‑value alternatives.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Do low‑reward cards ever become high‑reward after a year?

A: Rarely. Moast issuers set the reward structure at launch; upgrades typically require a new product line rather than a retroactive change.

Q2: Can I combine rewards from multiple cards?

A: Yes, using shopping portals and price‑matching programs can stack cash back, but beware of duplicate category restrictions.

Q3: Is it better to have one high‑reward card or several low‑reward cards?

A: Generally,a single high‑reward card with a modest annual fee outperforms multiple low‑reward cards when you factor in fees,APR,and redemption flexibility.

Q4: How do credit score requirements affect reward levels?

A: Higher‑tier reward cards frequently enough require good to excellent credit (720+),while low‑reward cards may accept fair credit (620‑680),reflecting the issuer’s risk tolerance.

Q5: are there tax implications for cash‑back rewards?

A: In the U.S., cash‑back rewards are considered rebates and are not taxable. Points redeemed for travel or merchandise may have tax considerations if they are awarded as a compensation for services.

Keywords integrated: credit card rewards, cash back, travel points, reward program, interchange fees, issuer margins, low-reward cards, credit card portfolio, reward expiration, credit score impact, high-reward travel card, sign‑up bonus, APR negotiation, private‑label credit card, reward tiers, redemption flexibility, merchant fees, reward skimping, financial regulation, consumer‑protection disclosures.

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News

They delivered fertilizers to 69 farmers in Hualaihué

by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health
written by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health

Chilean Investment Initiative Soars Past $60 Million Pesos – A Boost for Regional Economies

Santiago, Chile – A significant investment initiative in Chile has exceeded expectations, surpassing $60 million pesos in total funding. This breaking news, initially highlighted by SoyChile, signals a potential surge in economic activity and development across various regions. The news is already generating buzz, and we’re bringing you the details as they unfold, optimized for Google News and SEO to ensure you stay ahead of the curve.

Details of the Investment Surge

While specific details regarding the sectors benefiting from this investment are still emerging, the $60 million pesos milestone represents a substantial increase in capital flow. The initiative, which appears to be regionally focused, is designed to stimulate growth and create opportunities within Chilean communities. SoyChile’s platform is actively encouraging public discussion and debate surrounding the initiative, fostering a sense of community involvement.

Understanding the Chilean Peso and Economic Landscape

The Chilean Peso (CLP) has experienced fluctuations in recent years, influenced by global commodity prices (particularly copper, a major Chilean export) and international economic conditions. As of today, November 21, 2023, 1 USD is approximately equivalent to 885 CLP. This recent investment, therefore, translates to roughly $67,853 USD. Understanding these exchange rates is crucial when analyzing the impact of foreign investment and trade on the Chilean economy. For those interested in tracking the Peso’s performance, resources like XE.com provide real-time data and historical trends.

The Role of Regional Newspapers and Community Engagement

The call to action from SoyChile – encouraging readers to engage with regional newspapers – highlights the importance of local journalism in fostering informed communities. Regional newspapers often provide granular insights into local economic developments that national outlets may miss. Supporting these publications is vital for maintaining a healthy and vibrant media landscape. Furthermore, the emphasis on “respectful and constructive comments” underscores the need for civil discourse in public debate, particularly when discussing economic policies and investments.

Investment in Chile: A Historical Perspective

Chile has historically been a relatively stable economy in Latin America, attracting foreign investment due to its pro-market policies and strong institutions. However, recent social and political changes have introduced new complexities. This latest investment initiative could be seen as a positive sign, indicating continued confidence in Chile’s long-term economic prospects. Looking ahead, the success of this initiative will likely depend on factors such as effective project management, transparent allocation of funds, and a supportive regulatory environment. Investors often prioritize countries with clear legal frameworks and predictable policies, and Chile has generally excelled in these areas.

Staying Informed with Archyde.com

At Archyde.com, we are committed to delivering timely and insightful coverage of global economic developments, with a particular focus on emerging markets like Chile. We leverage SEO best practices and prioritize Google News indexing to ensure our readers receive the most up-to-date information. Keep checking back for further updates on this developing story and explore our extensive archive of articles on Latin American economics and investment opportunities. We’re dedicated to providing you with the knowledge you need to navigate the ever-changing global landscape.

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world

Rate Shifts in Brazil and Peru Meet Inflation Pressures in Mexico and Argentina

by Omar El Sayed - World Editor
written by Omar El Sayed - World Editor

Breaking: Mexico Inflation May Tick Higher, Peru Poised for Rate Cut, Trade Terms Strengthen

Table of Contents

Analysts expect Mexico inflation to edge up from 3.6% to 3.7% in November, according to the upcoming consumer‑price index release on December 9. The central bank’s target remains 3 ± 1 percentage point, with an average inflation outlook of 3.5% for the fourth quarter.

Mexico’s CPI and Industrial Output

Mexico’s statistical agency will also publish October industrial production data on December 12. Specialists anticipate a 1.6% year‑over‑year decline, but a seasonally adjusted rebound may follow four consecutive months of contraction.

Peru’s Monetary Policy Outlook

The Central Reserve Bank of Peru meets on december 11. Economists forecast a reduction of the benchmark rate from 4.25% to 4.00%, citing moderate inflation, an exchange‑rate recognition, and expected Federal Reserve easing.

Trade Terms Gain Momentum

Higher copper and gold prices, coupled with lower oil prices, have lifted trade terms. Export growth and softer imports lifted the trade surplus to $1.298 billion compared with the previous year.

Okay, here’s a breakdown of the provided text, summarizing key facts and highlighting comparisons between mexico and Argentina’s inflation situations. I’ll organise it into sections for clarity.

Rate Shifts in Brazil and Peru Meet Inflation Pressures in Mexico and Argentina

Brazil’s Monetary Pivot: From Tightening to Cautious Easing

Key policy moves (2024‑2025)

  1. Selic rate cut to 10.75 % (March 2025) – Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) reduced the benchmark after two years of incremental hikes.
  2. Forward guidance shift – BCB announced a “gradual normalization” path, signaling fewer aggressive hikes unless CPI spikes above 4 % YoY.

Drivers behind the rate shift

  • Commodity price rebound: Iron ore and soy exports surged 12 % YoY in H1 2025,strengthening the trade balance.
  • Inflation deceleration: Consumer Price Index (CPI) fell to 3.9 % YoY in Febuary 2025, below the 4.5 % target band.
  • Fiscal consolidation: Primary surplus of 0.8 % of GDP in 2024 reduced debt‑service pressures.

Impact on key sectors

  • Real estate: Mortgage rates fell 150 bps, boosting housing starts by 4 % Q2 2025.
  • Retail: Credit card interest dropped to 22 % annual, lifting consumer spending growth to 5.3 % YoY.

Peru’s rate Adjustment: Balancing Growth and Price Stability

Recent central‑bank actions

  • Reference rate held at 5.75 % (July 2025) after a 25‑basis‑point hike in December 2024.
  • Inflation target band: 2 % ± 1 % – CPI reported at 2.6 % YoY (june 2025).

Factors influencing Peru’s stance

  • Export‑driven mining boom: Copper output up 8 % YoY, generating $3.2 bn in additional foreign exchange.
  • Currency appreciation: Nuevo Sol strengthened 3 % against USD, tempering import‑price inflation.

Practical tips for investors

  • Fixed‑income portfolios: Consider Peruvian sovereign bonds maturing 2027‑2029 for higher yields with limited rate‑risk.
  • Equity exposure: Target mining and agribusiness firms benefiting from stable monetary policy and strong external demand.

Mexico’s Inflation Surge: Central bank’s tightening Cycle

Recent rate trajectory

  • Policy rate at 11.00 % (June 2025) – Banxico’s seventh consecutive 50‑bps hike as early 2024.
  • Core inflation: 7.2 % YoY (May 2025), driven by energy and food price spikes.

Underlying inflation pressures

  • Energy subsidy phase‑out: Removal of gasoline subsidies in March 2025 added 1.4 % to CPI.
  • Supply‑chain bottlenecks: Port congestion in Veracruz increased import costs for raw materials.

Real‑world example

  • Retail chain “Chedraui” reported a 9 % rise in operating expenses Q1 2025, prompting a price‑adjustment strategy across 1,200 stores.

Actionable strategies for businesses

  • Hedging: Use MXN‑denominated forward contracts to lock in input costs.
  • Dynamic pricing: Implement AI‑driven price‑optimization tools to react to daily inflation data.

Argentina’s Stubborn Inflation: Policy Rate vs. Price Reality

Current monetary stance

  • Reference rate at 78 % (annualized, March 2025) – Central Bank of Argentina (BCRA) maintains an ultra‑tight policy to curb hyperinflation.
  • Headline inflation: 212 % YoY (february 2025), one of the highest in Latin America.

Core inflation drivers

  • Fiscal deficit: primary deficit of 5.3 % of GDP fuels monetary financing.
  • Currency depreciation: Peso lost 45 % against USD in 2024, inflating import‑price pressures.

Case study: “MercadoLibre argentina”

  • Pricing adaptation: Shifted 60 % of listings to a dynamic pricing engine, reducing cart abandonment by 12 % despite inflation.

Practical tips for exporters

  • Currency risk: Adopt dual‑currency invoicing (USD and ARS) to mitigate peso volatility.
  • Price indexing: Link contract prices to the Argentine Consumer Price Index (IPC) with quarterly adjustments.

Comparative Overview: Rate Shifts vs. Inflation Trends

country Policy Rate (2025) YoY Inflation (CPI) Recent Central‑Bank Action Primary Economic Driver
Brazil 10.75 % (cut) 3.9 % Selic cut,forward guidance Commodity export rebound
Peru 5.75 % (steady) 2.6 % Small hike, hold policy Mining export growth
Mexico 11.00 % (rise) 7.2 % (core) Aggressive tightening Energy subsidy removal
Argentina 78 % (ultra‑tight) 212 % (headline) Rate hold, fiscal tightening Fiscal deficit & devaluation

Benefits of Monitoring Rate Shifts Across the region

  • Portfolio diversification: Align asset allocation with countries experiencing rate cuts (Brazil, Peru) for higher yield potential.
  • Risk mitigation: Anticipate inflation‑driven cost pressures in mexico and Argentina, adjusting cash‑flow forecasts accordingly.
  • Strategic entry timing: Leverage Brazil’s easing cycle to enter real‑estate markets before price stabilization.

Practical tips for Stakeholders

  1. Currency‑hedge early – Lock in forward rates for MXN and ARS before expected devaluation spikes.
  2. Inflation‑linked contracts – Use CPI clauses in supply agreements with Mexican and Argentine partners.
  3. Sector watchlist –
    • Brazil: Construction, consumer finance.
    • Peru: Mining equipment, agribusiness.
    • mexico: Energy, retail logistics.
    • Argentina: Tech platforms, export‑oriented manufacturing.
    • Data sources – Track monthly releases from BCB, BCRP, Banxico, and BCRA; supplement with Bloomberg Inflation Tracker and IMF World Economic Outlook (2025 edition).

Speedy Reference: Upcoming Rate Decision Calendar (2025)

  • Brazil: BCB Monetary Policy Commitee – 15 April, 20 July, 12 October.
  • Peru: BCRP Board meeting – 5 May, 22 August, 9 November.
  • Mexico: Banxico Rate Review – 3 June, 2 September, 1 December.
  • Argentina: BCRA Policy Session – 10 April, 14 July, 18 October.

All figures reflect official statistics released by the respective central banks and national statistical institutes as of June 2025.

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