Phnom Penh, Cambodia – Health officials in Cambodia have confirmed the country’s first human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) for 2026. A 30-year-ancient man from Kampot province tested positive for the virus, prompting investigations into the source of the infection and preventative measures to safeguard the community. This case underscores the ongoing risk of zoonotic diseases and the importance of continued surveillance.
The patient, residing in Meanrith village of Tuek Chhou district, exhibited symptoms including fever, cough and abdominal pain, according to a statement released by the Ministry of Health on Saturday. Fortunately, he has made a full recovery and returned home on February 14th following intensive care from a medical team. This positive outcome highlights the potential for effective treatment when the virus is detected promptly and managed with appropriate medical intervention.
Investigations revealed a potential link between the man’s infection and exposure to dead poultry. The statement indicated that dead chickens were present at his home, and these were consumed three days prior to the onset of his illness. This finding reinforces the known transmission pathway of H5N1, which typically spreads between birds but can occasionally infect humans through direct contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments.
Health authorities are actively working to determine the origin of the infection and are examining individuals who may have been in contact with the patient. This proactive approach aims to prevent further spread within the community. The antiviral drug Tamiflu (oseltamivir) has been distributed to those who had direct contact with the infected man as a preventative measure, according to the Ministry of Health.
Understanding H5N1 Avian Influenza
Influenza A(H5N1), commonly known as bird flu, is a type of influenza virus that primarily affects poultry, such as chickens and ducks. While it doesn’t easily spread between humans, sporadic human infections can occur, often resulting in severe respiratory illness. Symptoms in humans can include fever, cough, runny nose, and in severe cases, acute respiratory distress, as detailed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Recent research, including a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, highlights the resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus infections globally. Cambodia has experienced a notable increase in human cases in recent years. In fact, between January 2023 and March 2025, 12 out of 19 human cases were detected through severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance, according to the CDC.
Cambodia’s Recent History with H5N1
The re-emergence of human H5N1 infections in Cambodia was first reported in February 2023, with six cases identified that year, as noted by the Early Warning System for Influenza (ESWI). More recently, in November 2025, a 22-year-old man in Phnom Penh died from avian flu, marking the 18th human case in Cambodia that year, according to CIDRAP. These cases have involved a reassortant virus, a combination of older and newer H5N1 clades, complicating surveillance efforts.
The Cambodian Ministry of Health confirmed another case in August 2024, involving a 15-year-old from Prey Veng Province, who unfortunately died after exhibiting symptoms of fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Genetic sequencing revealed a novel reassortant virus, with internal genes from a different H5 clade, further emphasizing the virus’s evolving nature.
This latest case in Kampot province, while concerning, is being addressed with swift action by health authorities. The distribution of Tamiflu to close contacts and ongoing investigations demonstrate a commitment to containing the spread of the virus and protecting public health.
As surveillance continues and research progresses, understanding the evolving dynamics of H5N1 remains crucial for effective prevention and response strategies. The situation will continue to be monitored closely by both national and international health organizations.
Disclaimer: This article provides informational content about avian influenza and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any health condition.
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