Diabetes Drug Liraglutide Shows Promise in Reducing Migraine Days

Helsinki, Finland – A medication typically used to treat diabetes is showing remarkable promise in reducing the frequency of migraines. Results from a new study, unveiled today at the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) Congress 2025, indicate that the drug liraglutide can cut monthly migraine days by more than half.

The research, conducted at the Headache Center of the University of Naples “federico II,” explored the impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide on 26 adults dealing with both obesity and chronic migraines. Chronic migraine is defined as experiencing 15 or more headache days per month.

Important reduction in Migraine Frequency

The study participants reported an average decrease of 11 headache days per month after treatment with liraglutide. Furthermore,their scores on the Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) dropped by 35 points. This considerable reduction signifies a clinically relevant enhancement in their ability to function at work, in academic pursuits, and in social settings.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists have recently revolutionized treatment strategies for various conditions,including diabetes and cardiovascular ailments. Liraglutide, in particular, aids in managing type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss through appetite suppression and reduced energy consumption.

Though the participants’ body-mass index saw a slight dip (from 34.01 to 33.65), this shift wasn’t statistically noteworthy. An analysis showed that this slight weight reduction did not correlate with the decrease in headache frequency,bolstering the theory that it is indeed the modulation of pressure,rather than weight loss,that provides the therapeutic effect.

improved Quality of Life

“Most patients felt better within the first two weeks and reported quality of life improved significantly,” said lead researcher Dr. Simone Braca. “The benefit lasted for the full three-month observation period, even though weight loss was modest and statistically non-significant.”

Before the study began, patients underwent screening to rule out papilledema (optic disc swelling caused by heightened intracranial pressure) and sixth nerve palsy, thereby excluding idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) as a contributing variable. Emerging evidence suggests a strong connection between minor elevations in intracranial pressure and the occurrence of migraine attacks.

Did You know? Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is also being effectively treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.

GLP-1-receptor agonists like liraglutide diminish cerebrospinal fluid secretion and have demonstrated efficacy in treating IIH. Building upon these findings, Dr.Braca and his team posited that leveraging this mechanism could mitigate cortical and trigeminal sensitization that precipitate migraines.

Intracranial Pressure and Migraines: A New Pathway

“We think that, by modulating cerebrospinal fluid pressure and reducing intracranial venous sinuses compression, these drugs produce a decrease in the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key migraine-promoting peptide,” Dr. Braca explained. “That would pose intracranial pressure control as a brand-new, pharmacologically targetable pathway.”

Next Steps in Research

In the study, 38% of participants experienced mild gastrointestinal side effects, mainly nausea and constipation; though, these issues did not lead anyone to discontinue the treatment.

Following this initial 12-week pilot study, the research team in Naples, under the guidance of Professor Roberto De Simone, is organizing a randomized, double-blind trial that will involve direct or indirect measurement of intracranial pressure. “We also want to determine whether other GLP-1 drugs can deliver the same relief,possibly with even fewer gastrointestinal side effects,” Dr. Braca added.

If these findings are substantiated, GLP-1-receptor agonists could present a novel treatment avenue for the estimated one in seven individuals globally who grapple with migraines, particularly those for whom current preventive measures are ineffective.Given liraglutide’s established use in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, it may signify a promising instance of drug repurposing within neurology.

Pro Tip: Consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions.

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Disclaimer: This article provides medical data for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is indeed essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

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