Judith Marín

Summary of the Text: “The Flight of Jesus’ Eagles”

this article details the origins and growth of “Águilas de Jesús” (Jesus’ Eagles), a Chilean evangelical movement that has increasingly become involved in politics. Here’s a breakdown of the key points:

Origins & Core Values:

* Founded in 2001 at the University of Concepción (UdeC): The movement began with a group of evangelical students who later became prominent political figures like francesca and Héctor Muñoz (currently mayor of Concepción), Cynthia Leighton, and Antaris Varela. The UdeC campus is deeply ingrained in the movement’s identity.
* Faith,Community & Institution: Águilas de Jesús emphasizes a strong community life centered around faith,regular meetings,and mutual support. It’s not just about Sunday worship,but a comprehensive involvement in each other’s lives and spiritual growth.
* Discipline & Public Life: The movement promotes character, discipline, and the integration of faith into all aspects of life, including public and political spheres.

Political Rise & Expansion:

* Early Political Success (2005): Héctor Muñoz became the first evangelical and right-wing president of the UdeC student federation (FEC).
* Expansion to Universities Nationwide: the movement spread from Concepción to universities across Chile, including institutions in Santiago.
* “346” Campaign: A national visibility campaign involving 50,000 posters with the message “Return to Christ” in every Chilean commune.
* Santiago’s Growth: Judith Marín, a key figure, founded the movement at the University of Santiago (Usach), and subsequently expanded to other Santiago universities like Chile, Católica, and Finis Terrae. They’ve achieved political successes within these universities, notably gaining 17.45% of the votes in a recent student federation election at Usach.

Current Landscape & Leadership:

* judith Marín: A central figure in the Santiago expansion, referred to as “Pastor Judith.”
* Strong Network of Pastors: The movement maintains close ties with other evangelical leaders.
* Growing Political Influence: The article highlights the movement’s impact on Chilean politics through its alumni who now hold positions in government and through increasing its presence in student politics.
* Centralized Structure: The article points out that Águilas de Jesús is more structurally organized than other university evangelical groups.

Analytical Viewpoint:

* Beyond Evangelism: The article incorporates insights from María Olivia Mönckeberg, who emphasizes that understanding the movement requires recognizing the intensity and pervasiveness of community life within evangelical and Pentecostal churches.
* Statistical Growth: The text notes the steady growth of the evangelical population in Chile, particularly in specific regions where Águilas de Jesús has built its base (La Araucanía, Biobío, Los Ríos, and the Metropolitan Region).

In essence, the article paints a picture of a carefully organized and strategically expanding evangelical movement with a clear ambition to influence both the spiritual and political landscape of Chile.

What were the main strategies that the Eagles of Jesus used to transition from campus ministry to holding political power in Chile?

Eagles of Jesus: From Chilean Campuses to Political Power

The “Eagles of Jesus” (Águilas de Jesús) represent a fascinating and frequently enough controversial case study in the intersection of religious movements, student activism, and Chilean politics. Emerging in the late 1980s, this charismatic evangelical group rapidly expanded from university campuses to exert a surprising degree of influence within the country’s political landscape. Understanding their trajectory requires examining their origins, core beliefs, methods of recruitment, and eventual political involvement.

The Genesis: Campus Ministry and Charismatic Renewal

The story begins in the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in Santiago. Initially,the group wasn’t known as the Eagles of Jesus. It started as a Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement, a global phenomenon gaining traction in Latin America during the 1970s and 80s. This renewal emphasized direct, personal experiences with God, often manifested thru practices like speaking in tongues and faith healing.

key figures like hernán calderón, a law student, and other student leaders began organizing prayer groups and evangelization efforts. These early activities focused on converting fellow students and fostering a sense of community rooted in shared faith.The charismatic emphasis on spiritual warfare – viewing life as a battle between good and evil – became a central tenet.

The Rise of the “Eagles” Identity

Around 1990,the group adopted the name “Eagles of Jesus,” drawing inspiration from biblical passages referencing eagles as symbols of strength,vision,and divine power (Isaiah 40:31). This rebranding coincided with a shift in focus. While still operating as a campus ministry,the Eagles began to emphasize a more proactive,even aggressive,approach to evangelism and social action.

This involved:

* Intensive Recruitment: Targeting vulnerable students, particularly those new to university life and grappling with feelings of isolation or uncertainty.

* Discipleship Programs: Structured programs designed to deepen faith and commitment, often involving rigorous schedules of prayer, Bible study, and communal living.

* Emphasis on Spiritual Authority: Leaders were presented as having direct access to divine guidance, fostering a hierarchical structure and strong obedience.

* Outreach Activities: Organizing large-scale evangelistic events, frequently enough involving music, drama, and testimonials.

Expansion Beyond the Campuses: The “New Tribes” Model

The Eagles’ success wasn’t limited to universities. They began to apply a strategy reminiscent of missionary work with “unreached peoples” – adapting it to urban contexts. They identified specific neighborhoods and communities as “tribes” needing conversion.

This involved:

1. Mapping the Community: Identifying key influencers, social networks, and existing power structures.
2. Establishing “Houses of Mission”: Small groups of Eagles members would move into targeted neighborhoods, establishing a visible presence and offering social services.
3. Building Relationships: Engaging in community outreach, offering assistance with practical needs, and building trust.
4. Evangelization: Gradually introducing their religious beliefs and inviting people to join their movement.

This “New Tribes” model proved remarkably effective, allowing the Eagles to expand their reach beyond the student population and establish a network of followers across Santiago and other Chilean cities.

Political Infiltration and Controversy

The late 1990s and early 2000s saw the Eagles of Jesus increasingly involved in Chilean politics. This wasn’t a unified, top-down strategy, but rather the result of individual members entering political parties and seeking positions of influence.

Key areas of involvement included:

* The Right Wing: The Eagles found common ground with conservative political parties,particularly those aligned with traditional family values and a free-market economy.

* Local Government: Members were elected to city councils and mayoral positions, using their platforms to promote their religious and social agenda.

* Parliamentary Portrayal: Several Eagles members were elected to the Chilean Congress, giving them a voice in national policymaking.

This political involvement sparked significant controversy. Critics accused the Eagles of:

* Sectarianism: Promoting a narrow, intolerant worldview and demonizing those who disagreed with their beliefs.

* Authoritarianism: Exercising undue influence over their followers and suppressing dissent.

* Political Manipulation: Using their religious authority to gain political advantage.

* homophobia and Discrimination: Actively campaigning against LGBTQ+ rights and promoting discriminatory policies.

The Calderón Case and Decline in Public Profile

The arrest of Hernán Calderón in 2016 on charges of sexual abuse and fraud marked a turning point for the Eagles of Jesus.The allegations, which involved multiple victims, triggered a major scandal and led to a significant decline in the group’s public profile.

The case exposed:

* A Culture of Secrecy: Allegations of cover-ups and a reluctance to cooperate with authorities.

* Abuse of Power: Claims that Calderón used his spiritual authority to exploit and manipulate vulnerable followers.

* Financial Irregularities: Accusations of embezzlement and misuse of funds.

Calderón was eventually convicted and sentenced to prison. While the Eagles of Jesus still exist today, their influence has diminished considerably. The scandal served as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked religious authority and the potential for abuse within charismatic movements.

Legacy and Lessons Learned

The story of the Eagles of Jesus offers valuable insights into the dynamics of religious movements, political engagement, and the challenges of accountability. It highlights the importance of: