Google is working to improve the experience of Internet users on board its web browser, whether on computers or Android phones, by providing the giant search engine with a website writing bar with a new design and improved capabilities.
On the Android level, Google has started testing a new feature called Omnibox Modernize Visual Update, which introduces a new design for website address writing space.
When the user types the name of a website within that space, the suggestions begin to appear at the bottom of the box arranged in a card design, so that each proposal appears as a separate card on its own bearing a black background that makes each card distinct from what comes above and below, which makes it easier to focus the user’s eye on each of them, according to the website. 9to5Google.
The new technology is available as a “flag” feature in Google Chrome 108, which is still in its beta testing stage, and is only available for Chrome Canary beta.
In order for the user to activate the new experimental feature, he must type the link chrome://flags/#omnibox-modernize-visual-update directly inside the search box, and then press the Enter button, and then activate the box next to the option inside the window that You will be taken to it via the previous link.
Google is developing a unique and practical feature for the website writing bar in its Chrome browser, but this time for the PC version.
Google is testing facilitating user access to various aspects of the browser, such as bookmarks or history of recently visited sites, by using a writing form represented in the use of the “@” sign and immediately after the word such as “Bookmarks” or “History”, so that when Clicking on the result from the drop-down list will direct the user to the desired tab page.
Also, if the user wants to search within the tab without moving to it, he will have to press the ruler button to move a space after typing “@History”, for example, and then write the name of the site he is looking for, and thus he will search within the history of previously visited sites without the need To go to the ‘history’ page itself.
This feature makes it easier to search in open tabs, and it will also make it easier to go directly to an open site, and it will be useful for users who are used to opening many sites at the same time.
The new feature is available in the Chrome 106 beta version, and a Chrome user can now activate this feature and take advantage of it by typing the chrome://flags/#omnibox-site-search-starter-pack link inside the Chrome browser, and turning on the feature by turning the selection next to it to Enabled, and then restarts Relaunch browser to work normally.
More Epstein-Barr Virus Evidence for MS
There have long been indications that the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by infection with the Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) could be triggered. Now there is more evidence for this hypothesis. In addition, the viruses could also persist contribute to the disease.
A recent publication in the journal “Journal of Experimental MedicineThe published study provides new insights into how the immune system differs in MS patients with regard to EBV. In MS patients, for example, there is an unusually wide-ranging T-cell reaction and a sustained emigration of EBV-specific T-cells from the blood – an indication that EBV could also contribute to the persistence of MS, reports the German Society for Neurology eV (DGN) in a current Message.
EBV infection probably a trigger for MS
Research has been going on for years hypothesis postulated that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from the herpesvirus family could be causally involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
There are many clues, only in January appeared in the journal “Science‘ a widely acclaimed study that retrospectively evaluated data from ten million members of the US military.
At that time it was shown that EBV infection increased the risk of MS by a factor of 32 and that EBV was not just a risk factor, but a triggers for MS seems to be.
How exactly the virus can trigger the immunological processes in MS has not yet been clarified, for example cross-reactive ones are being discussed antibody as humoral factors.
More T cells detectable
The actual Study by researchers at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster was now looking for changes in the EBV-specific T cell immunity in MS patients compared to the cellular EBV immune response in healthy individuals.
1,395 MS patients, 887 controls and 35 monozygotic twin pairs, of which one twin had MS, were analyzed. Discordantly ill, identical twins are very well suited for investigations of external disease triggers, because both their Genetic as well as early childhood environmental factors are practically identical.
As the DGN explains, the T cell receptors located on the surface of T cells were sequenced in the blood of the participants, more precisely the antigen-binding region of their beta chains. It was shown that in MS patients more unique EBV-specific TCR beta sequences, and thus T cellswere detectable than in healthy people.
The affected twins also showed a broader EBV-specific TCR File than her twin siblings, who are also EBV-seropositive but healthy.
Persistent or excessive EBV infection
“Whereas in healthy people in blood and CSF EBV-specific CD8-positive memory T cells of the effector type were detectable, we also found EBV-specific “central” memory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients as an indication of a persistent immunological priming or ongoing active immune reaction., explains the leader of the study, Prof. Dr. Nicholas Schwab.
According to the experts, this was also supported by the predominance of EBV sequences versus so-called lytic virus epitopes in the cerebrospinal fluid (replicating viruses, no latency phase). This Liquorbefunde suggest that MS patients are constantly developing new EBV-specific T cells that migrate from the blood into the CNS.
One drug inhibition this cell migration led to a corresponding increase in EBV-specific T cells in the blood.
“So MS is not just with a higher EBV antibody seroprevalence associated, but also with a broader and apparently persistent EBV-specific immune response”, according to Prof. Dr. Heinz Wiendl, Münster, Director of the University Clinic for Neurology with the Institute for Translational Neurology.
“Apparently we are dealing with a persistent or excessive EBV infection or defective immunological control in people with MS. In further investigations, we want to find out whether this strikingly broad EBV-specific TCR inventory in MS patients is just a feature of their altered cellular immune response constitutes or drives MS pathology per se.” (ad)
Author and source information
This text corresponds to the specifications of medical specialist literature, medical guidelines and current studies and has been checked by medical professionals.
Sources:
- German Society for Neurology eV: New evidence of multiple sclerosis caused by Epstein-Barr viruses, (accessed: September 19, 2022), German Society for Neurology eV
- Schneider-Hohendorf, T., et al.: Broader Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell receptor repertoire in patients with multiple sclerosis; in: Journal of Experimental Medicine, (veröffentlicht: 01.09.2022), Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Kjetil Bjornevik, et al.: Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis; in: Science, (veröffentlicht: 13.01.2022), Science
Important NOTE:
This article contains general advice only and should not be used for self-diagnosis or treatment. He can not substitute a visit at the doctor.
Multiple sclerosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus?
Scientific studies have provided evidence that the Epstein-Barr virus causes multiple sclerosis (MS) could be. New analyzes now confirm this suspicion.
It is still unclear what causes multiple sclerosis (MS). One potential cause is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which most people carry without causing any problems. This suspicion has now been substantiated in a study by researchers at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) in Münster. The study results were published in the journal “Journal of Experimental Medicine” released.
People with MS have previously developed antibodies against EBV
Like it in one Message of the University of Münster, a “lone perpetrator” can be ruled out as the trigger for multiple sclerosis – but science has always had another suspect in its sights in addition to genetic predisposition: the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Infection with the virus might not only precede the development of MS—it might causative factor for the harmful processes that take place in the nervous system in MS.
A study by neurologists from the University of Münster suggests that the T cells that enter the nervous system immigrate, might originally have been lured there by the Epstein-Barr virus.
The “case” was reopened in January of this year as a retrospective Study appeared, which also made Prof. Nicholas Schwab and his team sit up and take notice. Data from more than ten million members of the US military had shown that all those diagnosed with MS during the observation period had previously developed antibodies against EBV.
The characteristic of multiple sclerosis nerve damage developed only after the appearance of EBV antibodies in the serum. In addition, a parallel study provided evidence for a causal link between MS pathology and EBV antibodies.
The virus could be the advent and possibly persistence of the chronic inflammatory disease autoimmune disease MS be involved.
More diverse immune response
The focus of the new study was on receptors that can be found on T cells and that can bind to all conceivable protein structures – including those of EBV. Their analysis showed: MS patients have more different anti-EBV T cell receptor sequences in the blood as comparison persons. The cellular immune response against EBV is therefore more diverse in people with MS.
“For every 100,000 T cells, we find one additional, EBV-specific T cell in those affected. In layman’s terms, that sounds small, but it adds up tremendously when you consider the total number of unique T cells in the human body.”, explains the first author of the study, Dr. Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf. This number will be a single digit billion amount estimated.
In addition, the immune system of people affected by MS apparently continuously produces new EBV-specific T cells, which then migrate from the blood into the tissue. The research team discovered this in patients who received a drug that emigration process stops. In these people, the T-cells in question accumulated in the blood.
19 out of 20 people infected with EBV
To make sure that the MS disease – and not about genetic differences between the samples examined – to explain the unusually large number of EBV-specific T cells, the researchers looked at identical twins, of which only one sibling suffers from MS.
By a cooperation With the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the scientists came to the data on this rare constellation, in which the genetics, external influences and even the “nursery” are identical.
Also the sick ones twin siblings had more EBV-specific T cells. But why is the immune response against the Epstein-Barr virus more widespread in MS patients?
In order to pursue this question, the researchers took a closer look at the structures of the virus recognized by T cells from healthy and diseased donors. Because even in the normal population, 19 out of 20 people are infected with EBV, but not sick. The virus is well controlled in them by the immune system, so that it puts itself in permanent sleep – called latency.
On the other hand, when the virus is active in the body, it uses different building blocks of its genome than in the case of latency – this is referred to as the lytic cycle. The working group found on T-cells in the nerve water receptors against lytic EBV characteristics more often in MS patients, a sign that the virus was active.
Ideally, vaccination could help
“Our study suggests: T cellsthat migrate to the brain in MS may be searching for active EBV foci”says Prof. Heinz Wiendl, Director of the University Clinic for Neurology in Münster.
„If that is true, there should be an increased number of EBV-specific T cells not only in the cerebrospinal fluid but also in the brains of MS patients.The researchers want to answer this question in a further analysis. Should their assumption be confirmed, could recurring EBV activity in the brain may be involved in the development of new flare-ups in people with MS.
This would be a resounding “manhunt success” – because then the MS could possibly be better fought and MS relapses could be prevented.
Ideally one would vaccination reduce the risk of EBV infection. The clarification will take years – but at least the first vaccination studies are already underway. (ad)
Author and source information
This text corresponds to the requirements of medical specialist literature, medical guidelines and current studies and has been checked by medical professionals.
Sources:
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Multiple sclerosis: Analyzes from Münster confirm the suspicion of the Epstein-Barr virus, (accessed: September 7th, 2022), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Schneider-Hohendorf, T., et al.: Broader Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell receptor repertoire in patients with multiple sclerosis; in: Journal of Experimental Medicine, (veröffentlicht: 01.09.2022), Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Kjetil Bjornevik, et al.: Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis; in: Science, (veröffentlicht: 13.01.2022), Science
Important NOTE:
This article contains general advice only and should not be used for self-diagnosis or treatment. He can not substitute a visit at the doctor.
Google has announced that it has developed new software that will allow communication across multiple devices.
Google said in a blog post that it has released the SDK tool, which helps developers make their apps work across a variety of Android smart devices, including non-Android phones, tablets, TVs, and cars.
The SDK is supposed to allow developers to do three main things with their apps: discover nearby devices, establish secure connections between devices, as well as host an app experience across multiple devices.
The cross-device SDK uses WiFi, Bluetooth, and ultra-wideband to provide multi-device connectivity.
The SDK is expected to be useful in many cases, including allowing multiple users on separate devices to choose items from a menu when creating a group food order from a restaurant, so you don’t have to pass your phone around the room, and it can allow You can pick up where you left off reading an article as you move from your phone to a tablet, or even allow passengers in the car to share a specific location on the map with the car’s navigation system.
The SDK currently works with Android phones and tablets, but Google wants to expand its support to Apple and Windows devices.
(Sputnik)
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Researchers of the
Australian National University (ANU) have identified why certain cells in the body, known as Th17 cells, become rogue and promote the onset of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
In a new study published in
«Nature Communications», scientists discovered a previously unknown and unpleasant side effect of a bacteria-fighting weapon in the entire immune system, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
NETs are responsible for directly enhancing the production of harmful Th17 cells.
“This discovery provides a new therapeutic target to interrupt these damaging inflammatory responses,” said lead author Alicia Wilson of the
Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Germany).
The researcher points out that the information opens “the doors to the development of new therapies targeting this harmful NET-Th17 interaction, with the hope of improving treatments for MS and other autoimmune diseases in the future.”
Similar in appearance and function to spider webs, NETs are produced by a subset of white blood cells called neutrophils. They capture and kill nasty bacteria and are designed to protect the body from infection.. But as the Australian researchers show, NETs also have a “dark side” that causes them to manipulate Th17 cells, making them stronger and more dangerous.
Th17 cells are normally beneficial because they defend the body against bacterial and fungal infections, but when they become overactive, they can cause serious inflammation. In their aggressive form, Th17 cells are responsible for promoting autoimmune diseases such as MS.
“We found that NETs cause Th17 cells to become more powerful, which increases their detrimental effects,” said lead author Anne Bruestle.
By understanding how NETs turn Th17 cells from friend to foe, scientists believe they can use targeted therapies to inhibit the negative effects of NETs.
Bruestle and a team of international researchers believe that a drug originally designed to treat sepsis could be used to target bad Th17 cells and, in turn, help MS patients better manage their condition by providing relief.
The drug was developed by Professor Christopher Parish and his team, also from ANU.
“Since we see in both mice and humans that a group of proteins in NETs called histones can activate Th17 cells and cause them to become harmful, it makes sense that our histone-neutralizing drug, mCBS, which was developed to treat sepsis , may also be able to inhibit the undesirable effects of NETs that are related to driving MS,” said Professor Parish.
“While we can’t prevent autoimmune diseases like MS, with these kinds of therapies we hope to treat the condition and make it more manageable for people living with MS,” Bruestle concludes.
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