2023-08-12 13:23:20
Dubai, United Arab Emirates (CNN) — Astronomers used the “James Webb” space telescope to observe “Earendel”, the most distant star ever discovered. Eärendel is so far away that the starlight detected by Webb’s telescope was emitted in the first billion years of the universe’s life. The universe is estimated to be regarding 13.8 billion years old. Previous estimates put the star at 12.9 billion light-years away from Earth, but given the expansion of the universe and the time it took for light to reach us, astronomers believe that Eärendel is currently 28 billion light-years away. The star’s name “Earendl” is derived from Old English words, meaning “morning star” or “rising light”. The “Hubble” space telescope discovered the “Earendel” star for the first time in 2022. “Webb” observations revealed amazing new images of the distant star. Eärendel is a massive B-type star regarding a million times brighter than our Sun and twice as hot. The star is located in the Sunrise Bow galaxy and can only be seen because a massive cluster of galaxies called WHL0137-08, a group of galaxies between Earth and Eärendel, has amplified the distant star’s light. This phenomenon is called gravitational lensing which occurs when closer objects act like a magnifying glass for distant objects. Gravity essentially distorts and magnifies the light of distant background galaxies. In this case, the cluster of galaxies has intensified the light of Eerndel’s star thousands of times. Massive stars like Eärendel usually have companion stars, and while astronomers didn’t expect to be able to spot one, the colors detected by the James Webb telescope indicate the possibility of a red companion star. An image taken by the James Webb telescope shows a massive group of galaxies called WHL0137-08, and to the right is the largest known magnifying galaxy in the first billion years of the universe, dubbed the Sunrise Bow.Credit: NASA/ESA/CSA The distant universe and observations in infrared light, which is not visible to the naked eye, have also revealed details in the Arc Sun galaxy. The space observatory monitored star birth regions and small clusters of stars. Astronomers continue to analyze data from the Webb observations to determine the exact distance to the Sagittarius galaxy. Studying the very distant stars and galaxies that formed near the Big Bang is able to fill in the gaps astronomers have regarding the early days of the universe, and provide a glimpse into what our own Milky Way galaxy looked like billions of years ago. Webb’s ability to study an object this small and far away is encouraging for astronomers. It may eventually be possible to spot the first stars born from raw elements like hydrogen and helium, right following the birth of the universe.
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#distant #star #discovered #images #James #Webb #telescope
Tag:
Space Science
Unveiling the Mysterious Cosmic Question Mark: A Breakthrough Discovery by the James Webb Space Telescope
written by Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief
2023-08-05 10:23:16
Ordinary August 5, 2023 14:23 PM The question mark Prepared by: Mustafa Al-Zoubi The James Webb space telescope revealed a frightening question mark in the universe that you did not yet know what it is, by photographing two active emerging stars located 1470 light-years from Earth in the constellation Vela.He said Representatives of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, who manage scientific operations at the Webb telescope, said it was the first time astronomers had seen the cosmic question mark. Especially since the top of the question mark is part of a larger galaxy that is experiencing tidal disturbance. The question mark was revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope, the largest and most powerful telescope ever launched into space, and it can see galaxies that existed a few hundred million years later. Only from the Big Bang. It is possible that the question mark is the larger galaxy, in which tidal forces stretched.
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#mysterious #question #mark #universe
Mortal Consequences: What Happens to the Physical Body After Death in Space?
written by Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief
2023-08-02 13:18:00
02 August 2023, 06:48 PM IST Icon | Photo: AP
Houston: Researchers are trying to make the common man’s dreams of space travel a reality. Researchers believe that a time is not so far when space travel becomes commonplace and becomes a tourism. Have you ever thought regarding the death that might happen to someone outside of Earth? What happens to the physical body following death?
NASA is preparing to send a crew to the moon in 2025. Preparations are also underway to send an exploration team to Mars in the next decade. When that happens, the possibility of human deaths in space also increases. NASA prepared for the death of an astronaut There are certain rules of conduct. This Code of Conduct sets out the procedures to be followed in such a situation.
Every astronaut has to do a lot of mental and physical preparation for such a journey. All the equipment to avoid the accident that may happen in space will be ready in the spacecraft. The main duty of a space medical doctor is to ensure that the astronauts remain in perfect health. The Translational Research Institute for Space Health, which operates under NASA’s Human Research ProgramIt assesses the health issues of astronauts and gives due attention.
If death happens on moon or mars..
Suppose a person is dying in space; If the death occurs on a low-Earth orbit mission, i.e. on an International Space Station, the body will be brought to Earth in a spacecraft. It takes hours. If the death occurs on the moon, the body will reach the earth within days. NASA will prioritize getting the rest of the crew back to Earth safely rather than storing the body because they have to return before the scheduled time.
A trip to Mars, 300 million miles away, would be a very different situation. A quick return trip is impossible at such a distance. Hence the body is returned only on the return journey of the Sangha (sometimes following two years). In such a case, the body will be kept in a special compartment or a special case (body bag). In this way, the body will not be damaged by the constant temperature and humidity inside the spacecraft. However, only if the death occurs on the space station or in the spacecraft, the above-mentioned ‘return trip’ of the deceased person is possible.
Perhaps if a person goes into space without a space suit, the lack of pressure and the vacuum of space will suffocate him. The blood and other bodily fluids in the body begin to boil. His death will happen in an instant. Even if you land on the moon or mars without a spacesuit, death is certain. The Moon has no atmosphere, while Mars has a thin atmosphere, which would cause death due to lack of oxygen. Without breath, body fluids including blood will boil and death will occur.
Is cremation possible?
If death occurs on the Martian surface following landing, burying the body there will cause further energy loss for the rest of the crew. It will harm them. And bacteria and other microbes from dead bodies might contaminate the Martian surface. For that reason, save the dead body and bring it to earth.
Much remains to be clarified regarding possible extraterrestrial death. The matter, including the burial of the body itself, is a matter of research. It is important to give courage to the rest of the group to face and survive the shock and pain that the unexpected death of one member of the group can cause.
20 people have lost their lives due to unplanned disasters during six decades of space exploration despite the maximum equipment. Three astronauts lost their lives in the Apollo 1 launch pad fire in 1967, three astronauts during the Soyuz 11 mission in 1971, and 14 astronauts in the 1986 and 2003 accidents involving NASA’s space shuttles Challenger and Columbia. Researchers are also making great efforts to develop ways to minimize accidents that may occur in space missions.
(Credit: NDTV)
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#bodies #cremated #Mars #NASAs #code #conduct #death #astronaut
Discoveries in Gravitational Waves: Unveiling the Secrets of the Universe
written by Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief
2023-06-29 15:34:45
This Thursday, June 29, a group of researchers led by the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array (CPTA), the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA), the Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA), the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) and the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), reported important discoveries in the actions of the gravitational waves in the universe.
The gravitational wave findings suggest that supermassive black holes are constantly warping spacetime.
Gravitational waves were first detected in 2015, a century following Einstein predicted them, by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (or LIGO, now part of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration).
Gravitational waves were first predicted by Einstein in his theory of general relativity. As[[” embedded=”” url=”” link=”” data-uri=”fa18f00e9fa44f8f40f9d4e5eb72d7dd” data-vars-target-url=”https://www.ligo.org/science/GW-GW.php”>lo describió Einstein, las ondas son cambios en un campo gravitatorio que viajan a la velocidad de la luz. De hecho, las ondas gravitacionales emergen de las interacciones sísmicas de los objetos más masivos y compactos del universo. Cuando los agujeros negros orbitan o chocan entre sí, u otros objetos muy densos como las estrellas de neutrones, las ondas gravitacionales son producidas por la interacción.
Los agujeros negros son regiones extremadamente densas del espacio-tiempo con campos gravitacionales tan fuertes que ni siquiera la luz puede escapar de ellos. Las estrellas de neutrones son restos estelares superlativamente antiguos que son tan densos que los electrones que giran alrededor de sus átomos constituyentes han colapsado sobre los protones de los átomos, convirtiendo a toda la estrella en un gran neutrón. Una detección confirmada de una fusión de estrellas de neutrones de agujero negro se realizó por primera vez en 2021.
Los nuevos hallazgos muestran que el espacio está inundado de estas ondas gravitacionales, que oscilan durante años o más y parecen originarse principalmente a partir de pares de agujeros negros supermasivos que se juntan en espiral antes de fusionarse.
“Las ondas gravitacionales son creadas por objetos astronómicamente densos en nuestro universo, generalmente en órbita unos alrededor de otros. Las ondas gravitacionales en realidad estiran y comprimen el espacio-tiempo mientras viajan a través del universo”, dice el astrofísico de la Universidad Estatal de Oregón, Jeff Hazboun, miembro de la colaboración científica que llevó a cabo la investigación y el autor principal de uno de los artículos que describen los hallazgos en Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Estas nuevas ondas gravitacionales son, con mucha diferencia, las más potentes captadas hasta ahora, con un millón de veces más energía que las ondas gravitacionales detectada anteriormente por LIGO o Virgo. «Hemos abierto una nueva ventana en la observación del universo», ha declarado Chiara Mingarelli, científica del North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) y coautora del hallazgo, que compara lo que han captado con «un coro, con todas esas parejas de agujeros negros supermasivos repicando en diferencias frecuencias».
Se trata de la primera prueba del llamado «fondo estocástico de ondas gravitatorias», que sería algo así como el vestigio de las ondas gravitacionales de la evolución temprana del universo. Sobre su existencia y composición se había teorizado pero nunca se había podido oír hasta ahora. De momento, han podido medir este fondo de forma general pero no todavía la radiación individual.
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#Gravitational #waves #black #holes #constantly #warp #spacetime