what happened on a day like today

2023-07-16 03:11:00

2003 – CELIA CRUZ. At the age of 77, the Cuban singer Celia Cruz (Úrsula Hilaria Celia de la Caridad de la Santísima Trinidad Cruz Alfonso) died in the town of Fort Lee, in New Jersey, United States.

Recognized as the “queen of salsa”, Cruz was the winner of two Grammy awards and five Latin Grammys, among others. In addition, in Córdoba she is famous for being one of the most famous Instituto fans in the world, along with personalities such as Jairo, Cacho Buenaventura, Bruno Lábaque and Jean Carlos.

Celia Cruz, the “queen of salsa”

Born in Havana in 1925, Cruz emigrated to the United States in 1961 following the Cuban revolution, where she established herself as one of the greatest references of salsa. In February 2021, she was chosen to appear on the 25-cent coin beginning in 2024, making her the first Afro-Latina to be selected for this tribute in North America.

This July 16, the singer’s admiring public will be able to visit her mausoleum in the Woodlawn Cemetery in the New York Bronx where her remains rest, in honor of the 20th anniversary of her death.

Celia Cruz, the most famous Instituto fan in the world (Photo: AP).

Spokesmen for the Woodlawn, where the former Fania star rests with her husband, trumpeter Pedro Knight, who died in 2007, detailed that the place will be open between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. and music sung by Cruz will play.

The tomb of the interpreter of “Life is a carnival” is among the most visited in the Woodlawn, which houses some 1,400 majestic private mausoleums.

Owner of a privileged voice and an eminent figure in salsa, Celia is revered in the United States, moreover, for her explicit position once morest the communist revolution that took power on the island in January 1959.

1969: liftoff of apollo 11

NASA launches from the John F Kennedy Space Center, the Apollo 11 ship, crewed by Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins with the mission of reaching the Moon. Armstrong, commander of the ship, became the first human to set foot on the Moon, accompanied by Aldrin.

Neil Armstrong, commander of the ship, became the first human to set foot on the Moon, accompanied by Edwin Aldrin, four days later.

Infographics The Voice of the Interior.

Other ephemeris

1914 – GUILLERMO DIVITO. Caricaturist, humorist and editor José Antonio Guillermo Divito, founder and director of the popular magazine Rico Tipo, which sold 350,000 weekly copies, was born in Buenos Aires. “Las chicas de Divito” and “El otro yo del doctor Merengue” are the most popular comic strips by Divito, the creator of a revolution in Argentine graphic humor between the ’40s and ’60s.

Jose Antonio Guillermo Divito. (Web)

1934 – THOMAS ELOY MARTINEZ. Born in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán, writer, screenwriter and journalist Tomás Eloy Martínez, winner of the 2008 Silver Condor Prize a 36 languages.

Tomas Eloy Martinez.

1943 – RUBEN RADA. The Uruguayan singer, percussionist, composer and actor Rubén Rada (Omar Rubén Rada Silva) was born in Montevideo, who acted in seven films and recorded more than fifty records.

[1945-ATOMICBOMBTheUnitedStatescarriesouttheTrinityTestasitcalleditsfirstdetonationofanuclearbombcarriedoutinamilitarycampinLosAlamos(NewMexico)ThebombistheforerunnerofthosedroppedlateronHiroshimaandNagasakitheJapanesecitiesattackedwithnuclearweaponsbytheAmericansinWorldWarII

About 260 people witnessed the test, none within a distance of less than 9 kilometers (AP / File).

1948 – RUBEN BLADES. Panamanian singer-songwriter Rubén Blades, winner of three Grammy Awards and five Latin Grammy Awards, was born in Panama City. He has recorded more than 35 salsa and Caribbean music albums. He was a presidential candidate in the 1994 Panamanian elections, in which he came in third with 20 percent of the vote.

1950 – BRAZIL 1 URUGUAY 2. The Uruguayan soccer team wins its second world championship by beating Brazil 2-1 in the final played at a Maracana stadium in Rio de Janeiro, packed with regarding 100,000 Brazilians. Juan Alberto Schiaffino and Alcides Edgardo Ghiggia scored the Uruguayan goals while Albino Friaca had scored for the local team in the Uruguayan “Maracanazo” in the 50 World Cup in Brazil.

2022 – ARGENTINE INTERESTS. The Day of Argentine Interests at Sea is celebrated, instituted by law in 2003 in commemoration of the date of 1876 on which Vice Admiral Segundo Storni was born, who traveled the world with the Presidente Sarmiento frigate and developed a teaching career in the Navy Argentina.

More ephemeris

1212.- Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (Jaén). Alfonso VIII’s armies of Castile, Navarre and Aragon defeated the Almohads and thus prevented the spread of Islam.

1661.- The Bank of Stockholm, by Johan Palmstruck, the first entity to issue paper money in Europe.

1782.- Premiere of the opera “The kidnapping in the Seraglio”, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozar,t at the Viennese Burgtheater.

1849.- The priest Antonio María Claret founded in Vic, Barcelona, ​​the Congregation of the Missionaries Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, “the Claretians”.

1884.- The first edition of the women’s Wimbledon tennis tournament begins in London, which Maud Watson wins following beating her sister Lilian.

1898.- Spanish troops sign the armistice and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba with the Americans, who enter the city the next day.

1920.- The Treaty of Saint-Germain en-Laye enters into force, which agrees to peace between the allies and Austria, following World War I, and dismembers the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

1931.- The Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, promulgates the first Constitution, which changes the absolute monarchy for a bicameral constitutional system.

1941.- II World War: German forces occupy Smolensko (Russia).

1955.- The primate of the Hungarian Church, Cardinal Josef Mindszenty, who has been serving a life sentence since 1949, goes under house arrest for his health.

1965.- Official inauguration of the Mont Blanc tunnel, 11.6 kilometers long, in the Alps between France and Italy.

1973.- Alexander Butterfield reveals to the Senate Watergate Committee the existence of conversations recorded by US President Richard Nixon.

1980.- Juan Antonio Samaranch is elected president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), in Moscow.

1988.- The American Florence Griffith-Joyner establishes the world record of the 100 smooth (10.49), in Indianapolis (USA).

1990.- The Ukrainian Parliament declares the sovereignty of the second most important republic of the USSR.

1995.- Jeff Bezos opens Amazon to sell books over the Internet on a project started a year earlier as Cadabra.

1999.- John Kennedy Jr., son of the former US president, died in an aviation accident when the plane he was flying crashed. His wife, Carolyn Bessette, and his sister-in-law Lauren are killed.

2000.- Florentino Pérez wins his first elections for the Presidency of Real Madrid, in which he prevails over Lorenzo Sanz.

2001.- Jacques Rogge, a Belgian surgeon, is elected president of the IOC, succeeding Juan Antonio Samaranch.

2002.- The IRA terrorist organization apologizes to the families of the more than 600 people murdered in 30 years in Ulster.

2004.- 91 children die and a hundred are injured in a fire at a school in Kumbakonam (India).

2008.- The Kings of Spain and Saudi Arabia inaugurate the International Conference for Dialogue between Muslims, Jews and Christians, in Madrid.

2015.- The Spanish Congress reforms the abortion law that prevents minors from terminating their pregnancy without parental permission. In force from September 23.

2019.- The European Parliament confirms the German Ursula von der Leyen as president of the European Commission.

BIRTHS

1486.- Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter.

1723.- Joshua Reynolds, English painter.

1796.- Jean Baptiste Corot, French pintor.

1872.- Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer.

1907.- Barbara Stanwyck, American actress.

1911.- Ginger Rogers, American dancer and actress.

1929.- Carmelo Alonso Bernaola, Spanish composer.

1959.- Angeles Caso, Spanish writer and journalist.

1964.- Miguel Indurain, Spanish excicist.

1974.- Laura Espido Freire, Spanish writer.

1988.- Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer.

1989.- Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer.

DEATHS

1896.- Edmond de Goncourt, French escritor.

1985.- Heinrich Boll, German writer and Nobel 1972.

1989.- Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor.

1989.- Nicolás Guillén, Cuban poet.

1990.- Miguel Muñoz, ex-soccer player and Spanish coach.

1991.- Robert Motherwell, American painter.

2002.- Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and former Secretary General of NATO.

2004.- Charles William Sweeney, pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki.

2015.- Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan soccer player and hero of the “Maracanazo”.

2019.- Rosa María Britton, Panamanian writer.

Source: own and agencies.

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2023-07-11 03:11:00

2023 – BANDONEON. Bandoneon Day is celebrated in Argentina in commemoration of the birth of Aníbal Troilo. The date was declared by law in 2005.

Aníbal Carmelo Troilo “Pichuco” was born on July 11, 2914 in Buenos Aires. The bandoneon player, composer and conductor was the author of 60 tangos, among them “Che bandoneón”, “Sur”, “María”, “Garúa” and “La última curda”.

The celebration of Bandoneon Day in Argentina was promoted by Francisco Torné (grandson of Zita Troilo) and the poet Horacio Ferrer, president of the National Tango Academy.

ephemeris. Bandoneon Day is celebrated in commemoration of the birth of Aníbal Troilo. (Archive)

Bandoneon Day in Argentina: origin of the instrument

The bandoneon, according to the classification of the musicologists Eric von Hombostel and Curt Sachs, is a “portable aerophone with buttons, actuated by bellows, with simultaneous execution of both hands, by action of air under pressure with a system of metal reeds. On the right side are the so-called tuned songs and on the left side, in an octave lower, the serious ones”, according to what was reported by the Ministry of Culture of the Nation.

The origins of this instrument are believed to date back to 19th century Germany, when it was just a portable church organ. Its authorship is often attributed to luthier Heinrich Band, who created a portable instrument inspired by the concertina, to provide music for small churches that might not afford or maintain organs or harmoniums.

However, other versions state that Cyrill Demian, an Armenian inventor, organ and piano maker, patented the bandoneon on May 6, 1829 in Vienna. In addition, the invention of it is also attributed to Carl Friedrich (or Herman) “Uhlig”, he presented it in 1830 at the Liepzig Fair modifying the English concertina of hexagonal boxes.

Drummer’s Day in Argentina: why it is celebrated on July 11

On the other hand, the Day of the Drummer is celebrated in commemoration of the death of the musician Oscar Moro, in 2006.

The 58-year-old drummer passed away in Buenos Aires. He was one of the members of the legendary band Los Gatos and of Serú Girán and is considered among the best Argentine “drummers”, he played with León Gieco and the rock band Riff, among others.

Oscar Moro, one of the most influential drummers in the history of Argentine rock. (Web photo).

Oscar Moro is considered one of the most important drummers in Argentine rock following his participation in Los Gatos, Serú Girán, Color Humano, La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros and Riff, among other essential bands.

From the beat sound of Los Gatos, the psychedelia of Color Humano, the folk of PorSuiGieco, the progressive amalgamation of La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros and Serú Girán, the heavy and forceful rhythms of Riff, or the Latin influences of the duo made up of the bassist Uruguayan Beto Satragni, Moro displayed an unusual versatility, without losing the expressiveness and strength of his playing, which he showed in a particular way in the most rock-oriented passages.

The drummer also extended his imprint in works by Pastoral and solo artists such as León Gieco, Celeste Carballo, Fabiana Cantilo, Alejandro Lerner, Nito Mestre, Silvina Garré and former colleagues from various groups, such as Charly García, Pedro Aznar and Carlos Cutaia, among others. .

In commemoration of the artist, July 11 was established in Argentina as Drummer’s Day, a date to honor the performers of that instrument.

World Population Day

2022 – POPULATION DAY. World Population Day is celebrated, instituted by the United Nations (UN) in 1989 with the aim of raising awareness regarding global demographic issues.

The date was instituted in 1989, when the Earth exceeded five billion inhabitants. Earlier, in 1968, world leaders proclaimed that individuals have a basic human right to freely and responsibly determine the number and spacing of their children.

According to statistics published by the UN, in 2011 the world population reached the quota of 7,000 million people and in 2021 the figure increased to almost 7,900 million people. For 2030, the forecasts speak of 8,500 million, 9,700 million in 2050 and 10,900 million in 2100.

Other ephemeris

1930 – CARLOS GARDEL. The tango singer-songwriter Carlos Gardel visits the concentration of the Argentine national team and sings to the delight of the players and coaching staff a few days before the debut once morest France in Montevideo, match of the 1930 World Cup in Uruguay, the first World Cup for national teams.

Carlos Gardel.

1934 – GIORGIO ARMANI. The Italian fashion designer and businessman Giorgio Armani, owner of a chain of 350 clothing and perfume stores around the world, is born in the city of Piacenza (Emilia Romagna, Italy). The American magazine Forbes has considered him the most commercially successful Italian designer.

Giorgio Armani. (AP / Archive)

1959 – RICHIE SAMBORA. American musician Richie Sambora, guitarist for Bon Jovi, with whom he recorded twelve albums, was born in the city of Perth Amboy (New Jersey, USA).

1986 – ENRIQUE VILLEGAS. At the age of 72, jazz pianist Enrique “Mono” Villegas, winner of a Konex award in 1985, dies in Buenos Aires. He played at the Vélez Sársfield stadium in front of more than 20,000 spectators, a milestone in the history of recitals of jazz.

1994 – VOODOO LOUNGE. The British rock band The Rolling Stones releases “Voodoo Lounge”, their twentieth album and the first without bassist Bill Wyman. This album by “the Stones” won the 1995 Grammy Award.

2016 – JOE PERRY. In the middle of a concert by the rock band Hollywood Vampires in Coney Island (New York, USA), the American guitarist Joe Perry suffers a heart attack and falls on stage. Perry, a former member of Aerosmith, is considered by much of the critics as one of the best guitarists in the history of rock.

Joe Perry.

More ephemeris

1533.- Clement VII excommunicates King Henry VIII of England, following invalidating his marriage with Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn and breaks with Rome.

1893.- José Santos Celaya heads the liberal Revolution that brings him to power in Nicaragua following the arrest of President Salvador Machado.

1917.- Guillermo II implants universal suffrage in Prussia, through direct and secret ballot.

1924.- The Norwegian Government changes the name of the Christian capital to Oslo.

1932.- The Spanish aviator Fernando Rein Loring ends his Madrid-Manila journey by plane, which began in Getafe (central Spain).

1935.- The Constituent Assembly of Guatemala extends the mandate of the president, General Jorge Ubico, for six years.

1936.- The German Reich recognizes the complete independence of Austria.

1940.- The French National Assembly grants full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain and establishes Vichy as the seat of Government and Parliament.

1952.- Almost nine hundred allied planes bomb Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, and other supply centers and a railway line.

1954.- The head of the Paraguayan Army, Alfredo Stroessner, wins the presidential elections and leads a dictatorship until 1989.

1957.- The Aga Khan IV becomes the Imam of the Ismaili Muslims.

1962.- First satellite broadcast from Telstar 1, with the transmission of an American flag from Androver, in Maine (USA), to Pleumeur-Bodou (France).

1969.- British singer David Bowie releases the song “Space Oddity”, days before Neil Armstrong stepped on the Moon.

1971.- The Chilean National Congress approves the constitutional reform that allows the nationalization of copper mining, ratified days later by President Salvador Allende.

.- The Mexican Formula 1 driver Pedro Rodríguez de la Vega dies in an accident in the “Nuremberg 200 Miles” in Germany.

1972.- The World Chess Championship begins in Reykjavik, Iceland between the defender Boris Spasski, from the former USSR, and the aspirant Bobby Fischer. Fischer became champion on September 1, becoming the first American to do so.

1973.- 124 of the occupants of a Varig Boeing 707 die in the forced landing near the Parisian airport of Orly.

1975.- The general strike called by the CGT causes the fall of the Argentine Government. The president, Isabel Perón, accepts the salary demands and her minister José López Rega leaves the country.

.- They announce the discovery of more than 7,000 sculptures of terracotta warriors from Xi’an (China), found a year earlier.

1982.- Italy wins the World Cup by defeating the FRG (3-1) in the final at the Santiago Bernabéu stadium in Madrid.

1983.- The 119 occupants of an Ecuadorian TAME plane that crashed near Cuenca (central Spain) died.

1991.- A total eclipse of the Sun leaves in the dark a strip 250 kilometers wide by 10,000 long, from the Hawaiian Islands to Brazil.

.- The 261 occupants of a Nigerian plane die shortly following taking off from Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).

1992.- The General Synod of the Anglican Church approves that women can exercise the priesthood.

1995.- 8,000 people are assassinated in Srebrenica, a Bosnian town with a Muslim majority, by the Serbs of General Ratko Mladic.

2000.- Some thirty heads of state unanimously approve in Lomé (Togo) the creation of the African Union.

.- The Peruvian military Justice sentences Ernestina Hinostroza, “comrade Marcia”, political leader of Sendero Luminoso, to life imprisonment.

2001.- Calm is restored in Kingston (Jamaica) following three days of violence, in which 24 people die.

2005.- The first homosexual wedding is celebrated in Tres Cantos (Madrid), between Emilio Menéndez and Carlos Baturín.

2006.- A wave of attacks on seven suburban trains in Bombay (India) causes 185 deaths and more than 700 injuries.

2010.- The Spanish soccer team is proclaimed champion of the World Cup in South Africa by beating the Netherlands (1-0).

.- 76 people died in the attacks in two places in Kampala (Uganda), when they were watching the World Cup final.

2011.- The surgeon Pedro Cavadas performs the first bilateral leg transplant in the world at the La Fe hospital in Valencia (Spain).

2015.- Second prison break from a Mexican prison of drug trafficker Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán.

2017.- Donald Trump Jr., son of the US president, publishes the emails that reveal that he sought Russian support to damage Hillary Clinton’s campaign.

2021.- Cuba registers the most serious citizen protests since the 1990s, encouraged by the economic and health situation in the country.

BIRTHS

1561.- Luis de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet.

1920.- Yul Brynner, American actor.

1934.- Giorgio Armani, Italian designer and couturier.

1958.- Hugo Sánchez, Mexican soccer player and coach.

1959.- Suzanne Vega, American singer.

1963.- Manuel Marrero, Cuban Prime Minister.

1972.- Henrique Capriles, Venezuelan politician.

1979.- Eric Abidal, former French soccer player

DEATHS

1920.- María Eugenia de Palafox-Portocarrero, Eugenia de Montijo, Spanish and French Empress.

1937.- George Gershwin, American composer.

1974.- Par Lagerkvist, Swedish writer and Nobel Prize winner in 1951.

1976.- León de Greiff, Colombian poet.

1989.- Laurence Olivier, British actor.

2003.- María Mercedes Carranza, Colombian poet.

2007.- Alfonso López Michelsen, former president of Colombia.

2014.- Tommy Ramone, member and founder of the rock band Ramones.

2015.- Satoru Iwata, Japanese businessman and president of Nintendo.

Source: own and agencies.

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2023-07-08 03:11:00

2021-ALLERGY DAY. International Allergy Day is celebrated in order to raise awareness regarding the importance of preventing allergic diseases, as well as the search for treatments that improve the quality of life of those who suffer from them.

Allergy is a reaction or altered response of the body to a “substance called allergen or antigen, which is harmless in itself but affects genetically susceptible or predisposed people,” according to the World Allergy Organization (WAO). ).

The immune system of these people generates inflammatory mechanisms in response. Said mechanisms “are determined by an antibody, immunoglobulin E or IgE”, they deepened. In recent decades, these pathologies have become one of the main health problems in most countries.

According to predictive data from the WAO, it is estimated that by the year 2050 half of the population will be affected and currently more than 400 million people worldwide suffer from some type of allergic disease.

More ephemeris

1838 – F. VON ZEPPELIN. The German nobleman and inventor Ferdinand von Zeppelin, aviation pioneer and founder of the famous Zeppelin airship company, is born in the city of Constance (Baden, Germany).

1889-WALL STREET JOURNAL. American economists and reporters Charles Dow, Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser founded The Wall Street Journal, the business newspaper with the largest circulation in the United States, in New York.

1958 – KEVIN BACON. American actor Kevin Bacon, winner of a Golden Globe Award, was born in the city of Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA). He has filmed 65 films, including Footloose, Friday the 13th and X-Men: First Generation.

Kevin Bacon’s reaction when he found out that an Argentine restaurant bears his name (Screenshot)

1970 – BECK D. CAMPBELL. The musician, singer and songwriter Beck David Campbell, winner of six Grammy Awards and as many MTV Music Awards, is born in the city of Los Angeles (California, USA). He has recorded twelve studio albums, as well as several singles not included in his albums and a sheet music book.

Beck David Campbell.

1989 – CARLOS MENEM. The former governor of La Rioja, Carlos Menem, assumes the Presidency of the Nation following the early departure of the radical Raúl Alfonsín in the midst of hyperinflation that would be repeated at the end of 1990. Menem was reelected in 1995, following the constitutional reform that enabled two consecutive presidential terms and direct election, among other changes.

Transfer of command. From Alfonsín to Menem, in 1989. (Archyde.com/Archive)

1990 – EDGARDO CODESAL. The Mexican referee Edgardo Codesal sanctions a controversial penalty with which the German team beat Argentina 1-0 five minutes following the end of the World Cup in Italy ’90. Forward Andreas Brehme scored the goal with which Germany won its third World Cup and took revenge for the 3-2 defeat in the final once morest Argentina in the World Cup in Mexico ’86.

2001 – ARGENTINE CHAMPION. The Argentine under 20 team obtains its fourth world championship by beating Ghana 3-0 in the final at the Vélez Sarsfield stadium. Forward Javier Saviola, with eleven goals, was the top scorer of the tournament and winner of the Ballon d’Or of the tournament played in Argentina.

2006 – ANA MARIA CAMPOY. At the age of 80, the Spanish-Argentine actress and comedian Ana María Campoy, who filmed 26 films and acted in more than a hundred plays, dies in Buenos Aires. She made her debut in Spanish cinema at the age of 12, in the film Aurora de esperanza (1937).

Ana Maria Campoy.

2014 – BRAZIL 1 GERMANY 7. The German team beat Brazil 7-1 in the semifinal match of the 2014 World Cup played at the Mineirao stadium in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte. It was the worst defeat in the history of the Brazilian team, which had been unbeaten at home for 39 years in an official tournament.

Other ephemeris

1497.- A small fleet under the command of Vasco de Gama sets sail from Lisbon with the mission of finding a way to India, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, then the limit of European navigation. He arrives in Calcutta the following May.

1538.- Diego de Almagro, conqueror of Chile, dies executed in Cuzco (Peru), by order of Hernando Pizarro.

1808.- The Statute of Bayonne is promulgated, which provides that “Spains and the Indies will be governed by a single code of civil and criminal laws”.

1833.- Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, which stipulates the Russian protectorate of Turkey for 8 years and the opening of the Dardanelles Strait.

1835.- President José María Vargas is deposed in Venezuela in the Reform Revolution, started in Maracaibo by General Santiago Marino. It was deactivated by General José Antonio Páez, and Vargas regains power.

1839.- The Legislative Assembly of El Salvador decrees the election of the Honduran Francisco Morazán as head of State, with the title of Benemérito de la Patria, until that year president of the extinct Federal Republic of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica).

1853.- An American squadron of four ships under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay and forces the Japanese to open their borders and markets to the United States.

1889.- The newspaper “The Wall Street Journal” begins to be published in New York, with information on the stock market.

1893.- The United Kingdom and Mexico sign the Boundary Treaty, which establishes the border between the Aztec country and Belize, then a colony of British Honduras.

1905.- The rebel crew of the Russian battleship “Potemkin” surrenders to the Romanian authorities in the port of Costanza.

1969.- The US begins the withdrawal of its troops from Vietnam. The first contingent to leave was the 9th Infantry Division and the withdrawal ended in 1972.

1978.- The socialist Sandro Pertini, elected president of the Italian Republic.

1981.- The Nicaraguan guerrilla leader Edén Pastora, “Commander Cero”, resigns from his posts and announces his return to the fight, this time once morest his former comrades of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), whom he accuses of establishing a dictatorship. communist.

1986.- Former UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim is sworn in as Austrian president, following winning the June elections in which his past as a German Army officer in World War II comes to light.

1989.- The Peronist Carlos Saúl Menem, winner of the May elections, assumes the Presidency of the Argentine Republic.

1990.- The FRG soccer team is proclaimed World Cup champion by beating Argentina in Rome.

1994 – An account is made of the discovery at the Gran Dolina site, in Atapuerca (Burgos), of hominid remains of “Homo antecessor”.

2002.- The African Union (AU) is born in Durban (South Africa), inspired by the European Union as a pan-African organization that replaces the Organization for African Unity (OAU).

2003.- The 29-year-old Iranian conjoined twins Laleh and Ladan Bijani, joined at the head and trunk, died in the intervention to separate them at Raffles Hospital (Singapore).

2009.- The Spanish company Sacyr Vallermoso leads the GUPC consortium that obtains the contract for the construction of the third set of locks of the Panama Canal, for 3,118 million dollars, although the final cost was much higher.

2017.- The Venezuelan opponent Leopoldo López, imprisoned since 2014, is released from prison and placed under house arrest.

2021.- Former South African President Jacob Zuma surrenders to the Police following being sentenced to 15 months in jail for contempt. There were more than d200 deaths in protests over the detention.

BIRTHS

1621.- Jean de la Fontaine, French poet and fabulist.

1831.- John S. Pemberton, American inventor of Coca-Cola.

1839.- John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist.

1877.- Efrén Rebolledo, Mexican poet and diplomat.

1919.- Walter Scheel, President of the Federal Republic of Germany.

1921.- Edgar Morin, French sociologist and essayist.

1951.- Anjelica Huston, American actress and film director.

DEATHS

1956.- Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist and writer.

1985.- Simon Kuznets, American economist of Russian origin and Nobel Prize winner in 1971.

1986.- Hyman Rickover, creator of the United States nuclear weapon.

1987.- Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet.

1994.- Kim Il-Sung, president of North Korea.

2012.- Claudio Carudel, Spanish-French jockey.

2012.- Ernest Borgnine, actor estadounidense.

2018.- Carlo Vanzina, director of Italian cinema.

Source: own and agencies.

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