Understanding Martinique’s Unique Poisonous Snake Through Large-Morne Snake Farm’s Insights

Martinique to Build First Serpentarium Amid Rising Snake Bite Cases

September 27, 2025

The Municipality of Gros-Morne, martinique, announced Saturday an enterprising plan to construct the island’s first Serpentarium, a specialized facility dedicated to the study and management of snakes. This initiative comes as the number of venomous snake bites increases, prompting a need for both research and local treatment options.

The Bothrops Lanceolatus: A protected, Yet Feared, Species

The Bothrops Lanceolatus, commonly known as the trigonocephale, is the sole venomous snake native to Martinique. Present on the island for over 4.2 million years, it holds both a protected status and a critically important degree of public apprehension.While legally protected, encounters with the snake are becoming more frequent, raising concerns among residents.

Addressing a Growing Public Health Concern

A conference convened by the Martinique University Hospital in Gros-Morne on saturday focused on raising awareness about the risks associated with Bothrops Lanceolatus bites and disseminating updated treatment protocols. Current data indicates an increase in incidents, with approximately 40-45 cases reported annually, up from 25-30 cases in previous years. Despite this increase, no fatalities have been recorded in over two decades, a testament to advancements in medical care.

The Serpentarium: A Dual Purpose Facility

The planned Serpentarium aims to serve a dual purpose: the local production of antivenom and public education. Currently, the antivenom used in Martinique is imported, creating logistical challenges and potential delays in treatment. Yolande Burac, a municipal councilor responsible for health and well-being, emphasized the potential benefits, stating that the facility could benefit Martinique and the wider Caribbean region.

“We aim to establish a Serpentarium on our territory, enabling us to produce our own antivenom serum,” Burac stated. “this will not only be beneficial for the people of Martinique but also for the entire Caribbean community.”

Feature	Current Situation	With Serpentarium
Antivenom Source	Imported	Locally Produced
Research Capacity	Limited	Enhanced
Public Education	Ongoing	Expanded

Did you Know? Snake bites are more common during the rainy season in Martinique,as snakes seek drier ground and may inadvertently enter human settlements.

Preventative Measures and Rapid Response

experts recommend several preventative measures to minimize the risk of encounters with the Bothrops Lanceolatus. These include keeping yards clear of brush, securing food sources to deter rodents (which attract snakes), and raising garden beds.Hikers are advised to wear boots and long pants and maintain vigilance.

In the event of a bite,immediate action is crucial. Specialists emphasize the importance of calling emergency services (15 in Martinique), immobilizing the affected limb, and avoiding any attempts to cut, suction, or apply a tourniquet.

Pro Tip: Familiarize yourself with the appearance of the Bothrops Lanceolatus. While avoiding direct contact is always best, knowing what it looks like can help you react quickly and appropriately.

Professor Dabor resiere, head of clinical toxicology at Martinique University Hospital, underscored the importance of both fear and respect. “We must fear the bite as the trigonocephalus is very poisonous; without care, it can be fatal. That is why we have these meetings-to inform, educate, and protect.”

Understanding Venomous Snake Bites: A Global Perspective

Venomous snakebites are a significant public health issue globally, particularly in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. According to the World Health Association (WHO), an estimated 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes each year, resulting in 1.8 to 2.7 million envenomings. (Source: World Health Organization – Snakebite) Effective antivenom production and access to timely medical care are critical in reducing morbidity and mortality from snakebites.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Bothrops Lanceolatus

• What is the Bothrops Lanceolatus? It is the only venomous snake species native to Martinique, known locally as the trigonocephale.
• Are Bothrops Lanceolatus bites fatal? While perhaps dangerous, fatalities are rare due to advancements in medical treatment.
• What should I do if bitten by a Bothrops Lanceolatus? Immediately call emergency services, immobilize the affected limb, and avoid any self-treatment attempts.
• What is the purpose of the planned Serpentarium? To produce local antivenom and provide educational resources about this unique species.
• How can I reduce the risk of snake bites? Keep yards clear, secure food sources, wear protective clothing when hiking, and be vigilant.

What are your thoughts on the new Serpentarium project? Share your opinions in the comments below!

What role does Large-Morne Snake Farm play in teh conservation of the Martinique viper?

The Bothrops Martiniquensis: A Martinique Endemic

Martinique, a French Caribbean island, harbors a unique and potentially dangerous resident: the Bothrops martiniquensis, commonly known as the Martinique viper or the grand basset. This pit viper is endemic to the island, meaning it’s found nowhere else in the world. Understanding its behavior, venom, and the risks it poses is crucial for both residents and visitors. Large-Morne Snake Farm plays a pivotal role in researching and educating the public about this engaging, yet formidable, reptile. This article delves into the specifics of this snake,leveraging insights from the farm’s ongoing work in viper conservation and Martinique wildlife.

Identifying the Martinique Viper

Distinguishing the Bothrops martiniquensis is the first step in snake safety. Key characteristics include:

* Size: Adults typically reach lengths of 1.5 to 2 meters (5 to 6.5 feet),making it one of the larger pit vipers.

* Coloration: Highly variable, ranging from gray and brown to reddish and almost black. This camouflage helps it blend seamlessly into the forest floor.

* Head Shape: Distinctly triangular, wider then the neck, a classic pit viper trait.

* Pit Organs: heat-sensing pits located between the eyes and nostrils, used to detect warm-blooded prey.

* Pupils: Elliptical, vertical pupils, characteristic of nocturnal predators.

Misidentification is common, with some confusing it with non-venomous snakes. Accurate snake identification is vital.

Venom Composition and Effects

The venom of the Bothrops martiniquensis is a potent hemotoxin, meaning it primarily affects the blood and tissues.

* Symptoms of Envenomation: Local pain, swelling, blistering, bruising, and potentially systemic effects like nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in severe cases, kidney failure and internal bleeding.

* Venom Potency: While not considered the most potent viper venom globally,it’s significant enough to warrant immediate medical attention. The venom toxicity varies depending on the snake’s age, health, and recent feeding habits.

* Antivenom Availability: Antivenom is available in Martinique, but prompt administration is critical. Delays can significantly worsen the outcome.

* Research at Large-Morne: The snake farm actively participates in research to better understand the venom’s composition and improve antivenom efficacy. Antivenom research is a key focus.

Habitat and Behavior: Where You’ll Find Them

The Martinique viper primarily inhabits humid forests, agricultural areas (especially banana plantations), and near water sources.

* Nocturnal Activity: Primarily active at night, though they can be seen during the day, especially during cooler weather.

* Ambush Predator: They are ambush predators, lying in wait for prey like rodents, birds, and lizards.

* Defensive Behavior: generally not aggressive unless provoked. Bites usually occur when someone accidentally steps on or disturbs the snake.

* Geographic Distribution: Confined to the island of Martinique, with higher concentrations in the northern and eastern regions. Understanding the viper habitat is crucial for avoiding encounters.

Large-Morne Snake Farm: conservation and Education

Large-Morne Snake Farm is a cornerstone of Martinique snake conservation efforts. Founded to study and protect the Bothrops martiniquensis, the farm undertakes several vital activities:

* Research: Studying the snake’s biology, venom, behavior, and population dynamics.

* antivenom Production Support: Providing venom for antivenom production and collaborating on research to improve its effectiveness.

* Public Education: Offering guided tours, educational programs, and workshops to raise awareness about snake safety and conservation.

* Rescue and rehabilitation: Rescuing injured or displaced snakes and providing them with veterinary care.

* Breeding Program: Maintaining a breeding program to ensure the long-term survival of the species.

First Aid and What to Do in Case of a Bite

Knowing how to respond to a snakebite is paramount.

1. Stay Calm: Panic increases heart rate and venom spread.
2. immobilize the Limb: Keep the bitten limb still and below heart level.
3. Remove Constricting items: Remove rings, watches, or tight clothing.
4. Seek Immediate medical Attention: Transport the victim to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. Emergency medical services should be contacted instantly.
5. Do NOT: Apply a tourniquet, cut the wound, attempt to suck out the venom, or apply ice. These practices are ineffective and can cause further harm.

Preventing Encounters: practical Tips for Residents and Tourists

minimizing the risk of encountering a Martinique viper involves