Alarming new data presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2026 reveals a significant gap in HIV awareness among men in eastern and southern Africa. Approximately one in seven men living with HIV in the region are unaware of their status, a finding that underscores the urgent demand for targeted prevention and testing strategies. The research highlights that younger men and those with more mobile lifestyles are disproportionately affected, posing a substantial challenge to global efforts to complete AIDS as a public health threat.
The findings come at a critical juncture, as the global HIV response faces setbacks amid converging crises and widening inequalities. While progress has been made in reaching viral suppression among women, a significant disparity exists in outcomes for men. According to data from UNAIDS, in 2024, 83% of adolescent girls and women on treatment in these regions achieved viral suppression, compared to only 76% of adolescent boys and men aged 15, and older. This gap extends beyond initial access to treatment, with men experiencing larger declines at each stage of the HIV care continuum – from testing to treatment to sustained viral suppression.
Researchers analyzed data from nationally representative surveys conducted across seven countries: Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The study incorporated rapid HIV testing and blood tests to assess antiretroviral therapy medication use and viral load, providing a comprehensive picture of HIV prevalence and awareness. The goal was to better understand how overlapping risk factors – such as age, mobility, and sexual behaviors – contribute to these disparities in HIV outcomes.
Disparities in HIV Awareness and Treatment
The data reveals a concerning trend: men are falling behind in the pursuit of the UNAIDS 95:95:95 targets – achieving 95% HIV awareness, 95% of those aware being on treatment, and 95% of those on treatment achieving viral suppression. Closing these gaps is crucial to controlling the epidemic and preventing further transmission. The study suggests that factors related to mobility and age play a significant role in these disparities. Men who frequently move or live away from home may face greater barriers to accessing consistent healthcare and HIV testing services.
The challenges extend beyond simply reaching men with testing and treatment. Researchers emphasize the need to address the underlying social and structural factors that contribute to these disparities. These factors may include stigma, gender norms, and limited access to healthcare in certain communities. Effective interventions must be tailored to the specific needs of different populations and address the unique barriers they face.
The Importance of Targeted Interventions
The findings from CROI 2026 underscore the importance of developing and implementing targeted interventions to reach men who are at risk of HIV or unaware of their status. These interventions could include mobile testing services, community-based outreach programs, and peer education initiatives. It’s also vital to integrate HIV testing and treatment into other health services, such as primary care and sexual health clinics.
Expanding access to long-acting HIV treatment options may also be beneficial, particularly for men who face challenges with adherence to daily medication regimens. As noted by AVAC, advances in long-acting therapy offer choice to many people living with HIV, though it may not be suitable for everyone.
Looking Ahead
Addressing the disparities in HIV awareness and treatment among men in eastern and southern Africa requires a multifaceted approach that combines targeted interventions, community engagement, and policy changes. Continued research is needed to better understand the specific factors driving these disparities and to identify effective strategies for reaching those who are most at risk. The progress highlighted at CROI 2026, including advances in prevention and treatment, offers hope, but sustained commitment and innovation are essential to achieving the goal of ending AIDS as a public health threat.
What steps can public health organizations grab to improve HIV testing rates among mobile populations? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Disclaimer: This article provides informational content and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.
