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Write about: Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs, amid confusion in UK and EU – business live | Business

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Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

Taylor, who was one of four out of nine members of the MPC to vote for cutting interest rates this month, said the increase in youth unemployment, which rose to an 11-year high in January excluding Covid, was cyclical and unlikely to last long-term.

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

Taylor reiterated his previous public comments that inflation is returning to the Bank’s 2% target faster than previously forecast, with wage growth also now slowing. “Things are normalising at a pretty healthy clip,” he said, suggesting he will vote to cut rates again at the MPC’s next meeting in March.

He said the MPC could make two to three more interest rate cuts to get the economy back to a normal level. But he expressed concern that services inflation had not declined as quickly as expected in recent months. Services inflation slowed to 4.4% in January from 4.5% previously, according to the latest data, well below the Bank’s forecast of 4.1%.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

Japanese newspapers have spotted that figures from the Geneva-based Bank of International Settlements – the information and advice centre for the world’s central bankers – has published figures showing the the yen’s purchasing power has sunk to a 53-year low against a basket of major currencies. That’s the lowest level since 1973 and the era of fixed currencies.

You might say it is how the world’s third largest economy has maintained its prowess as a major manufacturing exporter in the face of stiff competition from China, Vietnam and Taiwan. And that is not by being more productive, but by consistently devaluing the currency to make exports cheaper.

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

Nikkei Asia reports that the current real effective exchange rate has since fallen to roughly a third of that level. It shows that the yen has weakened against a wide range of currencies, including the U.S. dollar and euro, as well as the Chinese yuan and Thai baht.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

During her short tenure as prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, whose party won a historic landslide in a lower house election this month, has seen the yen slip further, most likely in response to her plans for a spending blitz, mostly with borrowed money.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Donald Trump wants the yen to rise in value, making the dollar cheaper, and aiding US exports. The Bank of Japan has said it will raise interest rates to make the yen more attractive to investors and push up its value. However, many economists in Japan are nervous about the effect on small and medium-sized businesses, which has become dependent on cheap debt after 40 years of ultra low borrowing costs.

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Over in Westminster, prime minister Keir Starmer’s spokesman has said Britain does not expect US President Donald Trump’s new global tariff of 15% to impact the “majority” of the UK-US economic deal.

The spokesman said Britain’s trade minister, Peter Kyle, had spoken with Jamieson Greer, the U.S trade representative, and the government expects discussions between British and U.S. officials to continue this week, Reuters reports.

Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

The EU has said “additional clarity” is required from the US as to whether the tariff agreement it struck last July in Scotland still stands, after Donald Trump announced a new global tariff of 15% on Saturday.

‘We are very clear what needs to happen here. The US needs to tell us precisely what is going on. Our intention is to continue implementing the aspects of the agreement we made with the US,” said trade spokesman Olof Gill.

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

The new 15% tariff rate Trump says he will impose from tomorrow flows from powers in the 1974 Trade Act, a different legal framework to the reciprocal tariffs Trump imposed unilaterally last year on dozens of countries.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Asia should emerge as a beneficiary of the US tariff reset, as the removal of the IEEPA tariffs by the supreme court lowers effective tariff rates for key exporters like India, China, and Vietnam, says ING analyst Deepali Bhargava.

Bhargava says China stands to gain meaningfully from the removal of IEEPA tariffs, while the supreme court ruling arguably improves India’s negotiating position as it hammers out an interim trade deal with the US.

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

Bernd Lange, chair of the International Trade Committee of the European Parliament, has convened an extraordinary meeting on Monday following the supreme court ruling in the US striking down the tariffs as illegal.

Zeljana Zovko, the lead trade negotiator in the European People’s Party group on the US deal told Bloomberg that “we have no other option” but to delay the approval process to seek to clarity on the situation.

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

Potential shockwaves from Donald Trump’s global 15% U.S. tariff could disrupt UK supply chains overnight, warns Dr Jonathan Owens, senior lecturer in operations management and global supply chain expert at the University of Salford.

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

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Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

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Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

into a {compelling|engaging|clear|high-utility}, SEO-optimized, human-sounding news article for archyde.com about Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs, amid confusion in UK and EU – business live | Business.
– Preserve the core meaning and verified facts.
– Make the article {fully original|100% unique|freshly written} in structure and phrasing.
– Do NOT mention the source article, Google News, or that this is a rewrite.
– Do NOT include the original outlet name, author name, or original URL from

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!*) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

* – or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

.
– Do NOT include any notes, explanations, keyword lists, or meta commentary.
– Do NOT add an internal title or

(the theme already provides the title).

NON-NEGOTIABLE ACCURACY LOCKS (MANDATORY)
– Do NOT change relationships, roles, or statuses. If the source says “former partner,” do not change it to “husband.” If the source says “educator,” do not change it to “teacher,” unless verified and linked.
– Do NOT shift timelines. If an event is described as past behavior, keep it in the past; never move it “into the attack” or “during the incident.”
– QUOTE INTEGRITY: If you use quotation marks, the quote must be copied EXACTLY from a verified source. If you cannot quote exactly, paraphrase without quotation marks.
– SENSITIVE VIOLENCE HANDLING: If the story involves violence, minors, mass casualties, or graphic injury, keep descriptions restrained and non-graphic. Do not describe wound paths, gore, or explicit medical detail. Summarize injuries in a factual, minimal way unless the detail is essential and verified.
– Do not “upgrade” attribution. Do not write “police confirmed” or “officially identified” unless verified and linked.

AP STYLE + LEGAL/NUMBERS DISCIPLINE (MANDATORY)
1) OUTLET STRIPPING (HARD RULE)
– Never write “told [outlet]” or name the outlet from

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

– or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Share

Updated at 14.16 CET

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

Share

Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

Taylor, who was one of four out of nine members of the MPC to vote for cutting interest rates this month, said the increase in youth unemployment, which rose to an 11-year high in January excluding Covid, was cyclical and unlikely to last long-term.

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

Taylor reiterated his previous public comments that inflation is returning to the Bank’s 2% target faster than previously forecast, with wage growth also now slowing. “Things are normalising at a pretty healthy clip,” he said, suggesting he will vote to cut rates again at the MPC’s next meeting in March.

He said the MPC could make two to three more interest rate cuts to get the economy back to a normal level. But he expressed concern that services inflation had not declined as quickly as expected in recent months. Services inflation slowed to 4.4% in January from 4.5% previously, according to the latest data, well below the Bank’s forecast of 4.1%.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

Share

Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

Share

Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

Japanese newspapers have spotted that figures from the Geneva-based Bank of International Settlements – the information and advice centre for the world’s central bankers – has published figures showing the the yen’s purchasing power has sunk to a 53-year low against a basket of major currencies. That’s the lowest level since 1973 and the era of fixed currencies.

You might say it is how the world’s third largest economy has maintained its prowess as a major manufacturing exporter in the face of stiff competition from China, Vietnam and Taiwan. And that is not by being more productive, but by consistently devaluing the currency to make exports cheaper.

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

Nikkei Asia reports that the current real effective exchange rate has since fallen to roughly a third of that level. It shows that the yen has weakened against a wide range of currencies, including the U.S. dollar and euro, as well as the Chinese yuan and Thai baht.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

During her short tenure as prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, whose party won a historic landslide in a lower house election this month, has seen the yen slip further, most likely in response to her plans for a spending blitz, mostly with borrowed money.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Donald Trump wants the yen to rise in value, making the dollar cheaper, and aiding US exports. The Bank of Japan has said it will raise interest rates to make the yen more attractive to investors and push up its value. However, many economists in Japan are nervous about the effect on small and medium-sized businesses, which has become dependent on cheap debt after 40 years of ultra low borrowing costs.

Share

Updated at 14.12 CET

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

– or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Share

Updated at 14.16 CET

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Over in Westminster, prime minister Keir Starmer’s spokesman has said Britain does not expect US President Donald Trump’s new global tariff of 15% to impact the “majority” of the UK-US economic deal.

The spokesman said Britain’s trade minister, Peter Kyle, had spoken with Jamieson Greer, the U.S trade representative, and the government expects discussions between British and U.S. officials to continue this week, Reuters reports.

Share

Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

Share

Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

Share

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

The EU has said “additional clarity” is required from the US as to whether the tariff agreement it struck last July in Scotland still stands, after Donald Trump announced a new global tariff of 15% on Saturday.

‘We are very clear what needs to happen here. The US needs to tell us precisely what is going on. Our intention is to continue implementing the aspects of the agreement we made with the US,” said trade spokesman Olof Gill.

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

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Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

The new 15% tariff rate Trump says he will impose from tomorrow flows from powers in the 1974 Trade Act, a different legal framework to the reciprocal tariffs Trump imposed unilaterally last year on dozens of countries.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

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ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Asia should emerge as a beneficiary of the US tariff reset, as the removal of the IEEPA tariffs by the supreme court lowers effective tariff rates for key exporters like India, China, and Vietnam, says ING analyst Deepali Bhargava.

Bhargava says China stands to gain meaningfully from the removal of IEEPA tariffs, while the supreme court ruling arguably improves India’s negotiating position as it hammers out an interim trade deal with the US.

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

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Updated at 12.15 CET

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

Bernd Lange, chair of the International Trade Committee of the European Parliament, has convened an extraordinary meeting on Monday following the supreme court ruling in the US striking down the tariffs as illegal.

Zeljana Zovko, the lead trade negotiator in the European People’s Party group on the US deal told Bloomberg that “we have no other option” but to delay the approval process to seek to clarity on the situation.

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Updated at 12.05 CET

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

Potential shockwaves from Donald Trump’s global 15% U.S. tariff could disrupt UK supply chains overnight, warns Dr Jonathan Owens, senior lecturer in operations management and global supply chain expert at the University of Salford.

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

Share

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Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

– or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Share

Updated at 14.16 CET

Key events

Manufacturers seek urgent clarity over tariff situation

The confusion over whether the UK will face Trump’s new 15% tariff is particularly worrying for British manufacturers who have already sent goods to America.

Richard Rumbelow, director of international business at Make UK, says these firms ‘urgenty’ need clarity:

“Many UK exporters will be concerned at the further prospect of trade disruption to goods entering the US market. Stability, certainty and clarity are key cornerstones for global trade policy and for UK businesses who plan, invest and conduct trade with partners across the global economy, and particularly with customers in the United States. It’s now important UK exporters work with their US importers to maintain their trading relationships by working through customs guidance as it emerges

“Given many companies will have goods at sea clarity is now urgently required on how UK exports will be treated on arrival into the United States, with the imperative being to protect the benefits of the bi-lateral trade framework that was concluded with the United States last year. It is vital Government continues to seek gradual reductions in tariffs and other opportunities and seeks a strengthening of trade relations from the current position.”

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Tom Knowles

Artificial intelligence is unlikely to affect UK unemployment rates in the long run, a policymaker at the Bank of England has suggested.

Alan Taylor, a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), which sets interest rates in the UK, said he can’t see AI creating mass unemployment for now.

At an event at Deutsche Bank in London, Taylor said:

“History is full of people saying ‘This new technology is going to lead to unemployment.’ And yet, over the course of history, unemployment has always returned to its normal level.”

“There are changes in the composition of the labour force but we haven’t yet seen that kind of structural shift, which is not to say it can’t happen, but we haven’t seen it yet.”

Taylor, who was one of four out of nine members of the MPC to vote for cutting interest rates this month, said the increase in youth unemployment, which rose to an 11-year high in January excluding Covid, was cyclical and unlikely to last long-term.

He said:

“It always goes up in cyclical ways. When the economy weakens and when unemployment is rising, usually youth unemployment rises faster. That’s true across the world. So for me, it’s mostly cyclical. I believe that as the economy normalises, that will start to normalise again.”.

Taylor reiterated his previous public comments that inflation is returning to the Bank’s 2% target faster than previously forecast, with wage growth also now slowing. “Things are normalising at a pretty healthy clip,” he said, suggesting he will vote to cut rates again at the MPC’s next meeting in March.

He said the MPC could make two to three more interest rate cuts to get the economy back to a normal level. But he expressed concern that services inflation had not declined as quickly as expected in recent months. Services inflation slowed to 4.4% in January from 4.5% previously, according to the latest data, well below the Bank’s forecast of 4.1%.

“I’m looking for services price inflation to continue to normalise along with wages as the year unfolds,” Taylor said.

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Back in Europe, Germany’s stock market is still being weighed down by trade war uncertainty.

The DAX is down 0.4% so far today. Other markets are looking cheerier, though – Italy’s FTSE MIB has gained 1%.

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Yen’s purchasing power hits 53-year low

Phillip Inman

We discuss the fate of the dollar all the time, but what about the trajectory of the dollar, asks senior economics writer Phillip Inman?

Japanese newspapers have spotted that figures from the Geneva-based Bank of International Settlements – the information and advice centre for the world’s central bankers – has published figures showing the the yen’s purchasing power has sunk to a 53-year low against a basket of major currencies. That’s the lowest level since 1973 and the era of fixed currencies.

You might say it is how the world’s third largest economy has maintained its prowess as a major manufacturing exporter in the face of stiff competition from China, Vietnam and Taiwan. And that is not by being more productive, but by consistently devaluing the currency to make exports cheaper.

The figures, which were published by the BIS on Friday, document a fall in real effective exchange rate, which peaked in April 1995 at 193.95.

Nikkei Asia reports that the current real effective exchange rate has since fallen to roughly a third of that level. It shows that the yen has weakened against a wide range of currencies, including the U.S. dollar and euro, as well as the Chinese yuan and Thai baht.

One major factor is the prolonged slump in the Japanese economy, known as the “lost decades,” following the collapse of the bubble economy.

By keeping interest rates at ultra low levels relative to other major economies, Japan’s central bank has encouraged global investors to hold assets in any other currency than the yen.

It causes huge issues inside Japan because imports are more expensive and because travelling to foreign countries is more expensive when the yen’s value is low.

But the low yen has allowed businesses to maintain their status as exporting powerhouses, giving them the profits they need to pay staff well and reward shareholders.

During her short tenure as prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, whose party won a historic landslide in a lower house election this month, has seen the yen slip further, most likely in response to her plans for a spending blitz, mostly with borrowed money.

She could be blamed by the public for higher domestic prices before she has even begun to tackle issues like low foreign investment, which would usually capitalise on a rock-bottom currency value.

Donald Trump wants the yen to rise in value, making the dollar cheaper, and aiding US exports. The Bank of Japan has said it will raise interest rates to make the yen more attractive to investors and push up its value. However, many economists in Japan are nervous about the effect on small and medium-sized businesses, which has become dependent on cheap debt after 40 years of ultra low borrowing costs.

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Updated at 14.12 CET

Trump threatens ‘more powerful and obnoxious’ tariffs

Donald Trump has declared that he can use tariffs in a ‘much more powerful and obnoxious way’ than he has thus far.

Posting on his Truth Social network, the US president again attacked the supreme court for ruling against his sweeping global tariffs last Friday – calling them ‘incompetent’.

He also claims the justices have ‘‘accidentally and unwittingly’ expanded his presidential powers on tariffs.

Trump writes:

The supreme court (will be using lower case letters for a while based on a complete lack of respect!) of the United States accidentally and unwittingly gave me, as President of the United States, far more powers and strength than I had prior to their ridiculous, dumb, and very internationally divisive ruling.

For one thing, I can use Licenses to do absolutely “terrible” things to foreign countries, especially those countries that have been RIPPING US OFF for many decades, but incomprehensibly, according to the ruling, can’t charge them a License fee – BUT ALL LICENSES CHARGE FEES, why can’t the United States do so? You do a license to get a fee! The opinion doesn’t explain that, but I know the answer! The court has also approved all other Tariffs, of which there are many, and they can all be used in a much more powerful and obnoxious way, with legal certainty, than the Tariffs as initially used.

Our incompetent supreme court did a great job for the wrong people, and for that they should be ashamed of themselves (but not the Great Three!).

[That’s a reference to the minority of three justices who backed Trump in last week’s ruling].

– or perhaps he’s now following the Guardian style guide

Share

Updated at 14.16 CET

UK does not expect new Trump tariff to impact its US deal, PM spokesman says

Over in Westminster, prime minister Keir Starmer’s spokesman has said Britain does not expect US President Donald Trump’s new global tariff of 15% to impact the “majority” of the UK-US economic deal.

The spokesman said Britain’s trade minister, Peter Kyle, had spoken with Jamieson Greer, the U.S trade representative, and the government expects discussions between British and U.S. officials to continue this week, Reuters reports.

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Bank of England’s Taylor: high US tariffs appear to be here to stay

Bank of England policymaker Alan Taylor has warned that high US import tariffs appear to be here to stay.

The full impact is likely to take “many years” to be felt, Taylor added.

Speaking at an event organised by Deutsche Bank today, Taylor said:

“I think the fundamental thing to realise is those tariffs are here to stay at some kind of number that is a lot – an order of magnitude – bigger than it was two years ago.

“So I think we should expect this shock to play out also over many years.”

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Adding to the confusion, there’s also uncertainty whether the new 15% tariffs are legal.

That’s because Trump is using section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, which gives the president the power to impose surcharges and import restrictions to tackle international payments problems.

But some experts are questioning how the US can have a balance-of-payments problems in an era of floating exchange rates.

Gita Gopinath, the former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, declared yesterday that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem:

Wearing my (former) IMF hat I will say that the US does not have a fundamental international payments problem.

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 22, 2026

A balance of payments (BoP) problem arises when a country loses market access or is close to losing market access. As long as there is plenty of demand for US debt and equities, which is the case, the US does not have a ‘payments’ problem. It can finance its trade deficits…

— Gita Gopinath (@GitaGopinath) February 23, 2026

Atakan Bakiskan, economist at Berenberg, has written about this issue:

Are the new tariffs even legal? The new Section 122 tariffs may also face court challenges, as the current US trade deficit may not meet the condition of “large and serious balance-of-payments” deficits that grant the president authority to impose tariffs to address “fundamental international payments problems.”

First of all, isn’t the balance of payments always equal to zero as an accounting identity under a flexible exchange rate regime? Second, what qualifies as “large and serious”? No president has ever invoked Section 122 before, so any legal challenge will likely take time to resolve.

Share

EU seeking ‘additional clarity’ from US over tariffs

Lisa O’Carroll

The EU has said “additional clarity” is required from the US as to whether the tariff agreement it struck last July in Scotland still stands, after Donald Trump announced a new global tariff of 15% on Saturday.

‘We are very clear what needs to happen here. The US needs to tell us precisely what is going on. Our intention is to continue implementing the aspects of the agreement we made with the US,” said trade spokesman Olof Gill.

Gill added:

“Additional clarity is required. And I think it’s very fair to say that full clarity on what these new developments mean for the EU US trade relationship is the absolute minimum that is required in order for us as the EU to make a clear eyed assessment and decide on next steps.”

Share

Lisa O’Carroll

The German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said he expects Donald Trump to respect the tariff deal struck last July at his Scottish golf course.

As confusion reigns across the globe as to whether the new 15% tariff rate, announced by the US on Saturday, would be implemented for the UK, the EU and others, Merz’s spokesperson said:

“We expect the US to follow the Supreme Court of the US decision with clear policies.”

The EU on Sunday called on the US to honour the July agreement. “A deal is a deal” it said.

The new 15% tariff rate Trump says he will impose from tomorrow flows from powers in the 1974 Trade Act, a different legal framework to the reciprocal tariffs Trump imposed unilaterally last year on dozens of countries.

They can only hold for 150 days and must then get congressional approval.

Share

ING: Asia should benefit from tariff changes

Asia should emerge as a beneficiary of the US tariff reset, as the removal of the IEEPA tariffs by the supreme court lowers effective tariff rates for key exporters like India, China, and Vietnam, says ING analyst Deepali Bhargava.

Bhargava says China stands to gain meaningfully from the removal of IEEPA tariffs, while the supreme court ruling arguably improves India’s negotiating position as it hammers out an interim trade deal with the US.

Vietnam, meanwhile, could be the region’s biggest winner, as the move to a flat 15% tariff will make an even more favourable production base for US-bound goods.

While Japan and South Korea gain little on tariffs alone, their strategic trade and investment deals with the US should continue as planned, Bhargava adds.

Photograph: ING

Share

Updated at 12.15 CET

Lisa O’Carroll

The European Parliament is set to pause the process of ratification of the trade deal with Donald Trump later this afternoon, the lead negotiator of the conservative group of MEPs has said.

The parliament has already paused the deal once, over Trump’s threat to Greenland, but unpaused earlier this month with a vote of all MEPs expected in March to formally ratify the agreement.

Bernd Lange, chair of the International Trade Committee of the European Parliament, has convened an extraordinary meeting on Monday following the supreme court ruling in the US striking down the tariffs as illegal.

Zeljana Zovko, the lead trade negotiator in the European People’s Party group on the US deal told Bloomberg that “we have no other option” but to delay the approval process to seek to clarity on the situation.

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Updated at 12.05 CET

How Trump’s 15% tariff could disrupt UK supply chains

Potential shockwaves from Donald Trump’s global 15% U.S. tariff could disrupt UK supply chains overnight, warns Dr Jonathan Owens, senior lecturer in operations management and global supply chain expert at the University of Salford.

If implemented, a 15% tariff policy under Donald Trump could send immediate shockwaves through UK supply chains, despite the measures being imposed by the United States. The UK is tightly woven into global trade networks, and many British firms either export directly to the U.S. or supply critical components that feed into American markets. A sudden cost barrier of this scale would not be contained within U.S. borders and could ripple quickly across the Atlantic.

In the short term, higher U.S. import costs would likely suppress demand for UK goods, particularly in strategically vital sectors such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, and pharmaceuticals. British suppliers embedded in transatlantic production lines could face abrupt order cancellations, forcing production cuts and leaving warehouses with unsold inventory. For smaller firms operating on thin margins, such disruption could quickly escalate into a cash-flow crisis.

The indirect fallout could be equally destabilising, Owens continues:

Countries hit by falling U.S. demand may flood European markets with surplus goods, intensifying price competition and squeezing UK manufacturers. At the same time, currency volatility could surge, driving up hedging costs and injecting further unpredictability into procurement and pricing strategies.

Logistics networks would not escape unscathed, as shipping routes could be rapidly reconfigured as firms scramble to avoid tariff exposure. This could lead to port congestion, delivery delays, and rising freight costs.

While the long-term consequences would depend on political negotiations, the immediate impact would be clear: heightened uncertainty, mounting cost pressures, and a period of acute supply chain turbulence as UK businesses fight to remain resilient.

However, this could ultimately prove to be little more than a burst of political theatre, generating headlines rather than lasting economic damage. If the policy were short-lived, disruption to UK supply chains might be sharp but brief.

Share

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No extra text before or after.<br /> [/gpt3]</p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta "> <div class="penci-box-meta"> <span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o" ></i><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-02-23T14:27:25+00:00">February 23, 2026</time></span> <span><a href="https://www.archyde.com/trump-threatens-more-powerful-tariffs-amid-global-trade-uncertainty/#respond "><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-comment-o" ></i>0 comments</a></span> </div> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="8703078" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">0</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.archyde.com/trump-threatens-more-powerful-tariffs-amid-global-trade-uncertainty/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Trump%20Threatens%20%27More%20Powerful%27%20Tariffs%20Amid%20Global%20Trade%20Uncertainty%20-%20https://www.archyde.com/trump-threatens-more-powerful-tariffs-amid-global-trade-uncertainty/"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-x-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archyde.com%2Ftrump-threatens-more-powerful-tariffs-amid-global-trade-uncertainty%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fi.guim.co.uk%2Fimg%2Fmedia%2F0f5f1e37696deb7be424241fe0bea52f3f3b9a60%2F913_0_4567_3653%2Fmaster%2F4567.jpg%3Fwidth%3D1200%26height%3D630%26quality%3D85%26auto%3Dformat%26fit%3Dcrop%26precrop%3D40%3A21%2Coffset-x50%2Coffset-y0%26overlay-align%3Dbottom%252Cleft%26overlay-width%3D100p%26overlay-base64%3DL2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctbGl2ZS5wbmc%26enable%3Dupscale%26s%3D90271271bc0e34c539ca2e36306bbc86&description=Trump+Threatens+%27More+Powerful%27+Tariffs+Amid+Global+Trade+Uncertainty"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="mailto:?subject=Trump%20Threatens%20'More%20Powerful'%20Tariffs%20Amid%20Global%20Trade%20Uncertainty&BODY=https://www.archyde.com/trump-threatens-more-powerful-tariffs-amid-global-trade-uncertainty/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-8703033" class="standard-article standard-pitem post-8703033 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-news"> <div class="header-standard "> <div class="penci-standard-cat"><span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-1" href="https://www.archyde.com/category/news/" rel="category tag"><span style="">News</span></a></span></div> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title entry-title pc_titlebig_standard_df"><a href="https://www.archyde.com/rb-rail-feedback-sought-on-latvia-lithuania-energy-design/">RB Rail: Feedback Sought on Latvia & Lithuania Energy Design</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.archyde.com/author/alexandrahartman/">Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-02-23T14:00:48+00:00">February 23, 2026</time> </div> <div class="penci-meta-author standard-top-meta author-post byline"> <span class="author vcard">written by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.archyde.com/author/alexandrahartman/">Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="standard-content"> <div class="standard-main-content entry-content"> <div class="post-entry standard-post-entry classic-post-entry blockquote-style-1 "> <p>RB Rail AS, the central coordinator for the Rail Baltica project, has launched a market consultation to gather expertise for the design of the railway’s energy subsystem in Latvia and Lithuania. This move signals a progression into the detailed design phase of the ambitious infrastructure project, aiming to connect the Baltic states with the European rail network.</p> <p>The consultation, announced on February 18, 2026, is an open competition intended to secure the necessary technical development and detailed design work for the energy infrastructure that will power the high-speed rail line. Rail Baltica, a project decades in the making, is envisioned as a critical component of regional security and economic growth, offering a modern transportation alternative and bolstering military mobility capabilities.</p> <h2>Rail Baltica’s Energy Needs: A Complex Undertaking</h2> <p>The energy subsystem design is a crucial element of Rail Baltica, requiring specialized knowledge to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply for the 870-kilometer (540-mile) railway. The project spans Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, with a planned extension towards Poland. According to <a href="https://www.railbaltica.org/">the official Rail Baltica website</a>, the railway will utilize a 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead line for electrification.</p> <p>The consultation specifically focuses on expertise needed in Latvia and Lithuania, reflecting the current phase of development in those regions. Work in Latvia is concentrated on the southern section of the main line between Riga and the Lithuanian border, with approximately 202 kilometers (125 miles) of track planned within the country. Construction readiness is currently at 43% across the entire main line, according to <a href="https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/rail-baltica-tracklaying-starts-in-lithuania/">Rail Journal</a>.</p> <h2>Strategic Importance and Funding</h2> <p>Rail Baltica is not solely a civilian infrastructure project. A recent forum in Vilnius highlighted the importance of operational mobility for collective defense, underscoring the railway’s strategic military component. This dual-leverage nature has been a key factor in securing funding and prioritizing the project’s completion. </p> <p>The project has received significant financial backing from the European Union. In October 2025, a €295.5 million grant (approximately $318.5 million USD based on current exchange rates) was secured to advance construction across all three Baltic states, as reported by <a href="https://constructionreviewonline.com/estonia-leads-rail-baltica-rollout-with-1bn-infrastructure-deal/">Construction Review Online</a>. This funding is allocated with approximately €47.1 million to Estonia, €153.5 million to Latvia, and €94.9 million to Lithuania, including RB Rail AS’s share as joint project coordinator.</p> <h2>Multimodal Integration and Future Development</h2> <p>Beyond passenger transport, Rail Baltica incorporates plans for three multimodal freight terminals in Muuga Harbour (Estonia), Salaspils (Latvia), and Kaunas (Lithuania), as detailed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_Baltica">Wikipedia</a>. These terminals are designed to integrate with the existing 1,520 mm railway system, creating logistical synergies and expanding freight capabilities.</p> <p>The project is currently in full-scale construction, with mainline works, international stations, bridges, and crossings all progressing. Phase 1, involving single-track construction, is slated for completion in 2030, with the full double-track system planned for a later, currently unspecified, date.</p> <p>The market consultation for the energy subsystem design represents a critical step towards realizing the full potential of Rail Baltica. The project’s success hinges on attracting qualified expertise to ensure a robust and sustainable energy infrastructure that can support high-speed rail operations for decades to arrive.</p> <p>Looking ahead, RB Rail AS will evaluate responses to the market consultation and initiate the procurement process for the detailed design work. The selection of a qualified partner will be a key milestone in advancing the Rail Baltica project and bringing the vision of a connected Baltic region closer to reality. Share your thoughts on this important infrastructure project in the comments below.</p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta "> <div class="penci-box-meta"> <span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o" ></i><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2026-02-23T14:00:48+00:00">February 23, 2026</time></span> <span><a href="https://www.archyde.com/rb-rail-feedback-sought-on-latvia-lithuania-energy-design/#respond "><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-comment-o" ></i>0 comments</a></span> </div> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="8703033" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">0</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" 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Zoom2",AcerTablet:"Android.; \\b(A100|A101|A110|A200|A210|A211|A500|A501|A510|A511|A700|A701|W500|W500P|W501|W501P|W510|W511|W700|G100|G100W|B1-A71|B1-710|B1-711|A1-810|A1-811|A1-830)\\b|W3-810|\\bA3-A10\\b|\\bA3-A11\\b|\\bA3-A20\\b|\\bA3-A30|A3-A40",ToshibaTablet:"Android.(AT100|AT105|AT200|AT205|AT270|AT275|AT300|AT305|AT1S5|AT500|AT570|AT700|AT830)|TOSHIBA.FOLIO",LGTablet:"\\bL-06C|LG-V909|LG-V900|LG-V700|LG-V510|LG-V500|LG-V410|LG-V400|LG-VK810\\b",FujitsuTablet:"Android.\\b(F-01D|F-02F|F-05E|F-10D|M532|Q572)\\b",PrestigioTablet:"PMP3170B|PMP3270B|PMP3470B|PMP7170B|PMP3370B|PMP3570C|PMP5870C|PMP3670B|PMP5570C|PMP5770D|PMP3970B|PMP3870C|PMP5580C|PMP5880D|PMP5780D|PMP5588C|PMP7280C|PMP7280C3G|PMP7280|PMP7880D|PMP5597D|PMP5597|PMP7100D|PER3464|PER3274|PER3574|PER3884|PER5274|PER5474|PMP5097CPRO|PMP5097|PMP7380D|PMP5297C|PMP5297C_QUAD|PMP812E|PMP812E3G|PMP812F|PMP810E|PMP880TD|PMT3017|PMT3037|PMT3047|PMT3057|PMT7008|PMT5887|PMT5001|PMT5002",LenovoTablet:"Lenovo TAB|Idea(Tab|Pad)( A1|A10| K1|)|ThinkPad([ ]+)?Tablet|YT3-850M|YT3-X90L|YT3-X90F|YT3-X90X|Lenovo.(S2109|S2110|S5000|S6000|K3011|A3000|A3500|A1000|A2107|A2109|A1107|A5500|A7600|B6000|B8000|B8080)(-|)(FL|F|HV|H|)|TB-X103F|TB-X304X|TB-X304F|TB-X304L|TB-X505F|TB-X505L|TB-X505X|TB-X605F|TB-X605L|TB-8703F|TB-8703X|TB-8703N|TB-8704N|TB-8704F|TB-8704X|TB-8704V|TB-7304F|TB-7304I|TB-7304X|Tab2A7-10F|Tab2A7-20F|TB2-X30L|YT3-X50L|YT3-X50F|YT3-X50M|YT-X705F|YT-X703F|YT-X703L|YT-X705L|YT-X705X|TB2-X30F|TB2-X30L|TB2-X30M|A2107A-F|A2107A-H|TB3-730F|TB3-730M|TB3-730X|TB-7504F|TB-7504X|TB-X704F|TB-X104F|TB3-X70F|TB-X705F|TB-8504F|TB3-X70L|TB3-710F|TB-X704L",DellTablet:"Venue 11|Venue 8|Venue 7|Dell Streak 10|Dell Streak 7",YarvikTablet:"Android.\\b(TAB210|TAB211|TAB224|TAB250|TAB260|TAB264|TAB310|TAB360|TAB364|TAB410|TAB411|TAB420|TAB424|TAB450|TAB460|TAB461|TAB464|TAB465|TAB467|TAB468|TAB07-100|TAB07-101|TAB07-150|TAB07-151|TAB07-152|TAB07-200|TAB07-201-3G|TAB07-210|TAB07-211|TAB07-212|TAB07-214|TAB07-220|TAB07-400|TAB07-485|TAB08-150|TAB08-200|TAB08-201-3G|TAB08-201-30|TAB09-100|TAB09-211|TAB09-410|TAB10-150|TAB10-201|TAB10-211|TAB10-400|TAB10-410|TAB13-201|TAB274EUK|TAB275EUK|TAB374EUK|TAB462EUK|TAB474EUK|TAB9-200)\\b",MedionTablet:"Android.\\bOYO\\b|LIFE.(P9212|P9514|P9516|S9512)|LIFETAB",ArnovaTablet:"97G4|AN10G2|AN7bG3|AN7fG3|AN8G3|AN8cG3|AN7G3|AN9G3|AN7dG3|AN7dG3ST|AN7dG3ChildPad|AN10bG3|AN10bG3DT|AN9G2",IntensoTablet:"INM8002KP|INM1010FP|INM805ND|Intenso Tab|TAB1004",IRUTablet:"M702pro",MegafonTablet:"MegaFon V9|\\bZTE V9\\b|Android.\\bMT7A\\b",EbodaTablet:"E-Boda (Supreme|Impresspeed|Izzycomm|Essential)",AllViewTablet:"Allview.(Viva|Alldro|City|Speed|All TV|Frenzy|Quasar|Shine|TX1|AX1|AX2)",ArchosTablet:"\\b(101G9|80G9|A101IT)\\b|Qilive 97R|Archos5|\\bARCHOS (70|79|80|90|97|101|FAMILYPAD|)(b|c|)(G10| Cobalt| TITANIUM(HD|)| Xenon| Neon|XSK| 2| XS 2| PLATINUM| CARBON|GAMEPAD)\\b",AinolTablet:"NOVO7|NOVO8|NOVO10|Novo7Aurora|Novo7Basic|NOVO7PALADIN|novo9-Spark",NokiaLumiaTablet:"Lumia 2520",SonyTablet:"Sony.Tablet|Xperia Tablet|Sony Tablet S|SO-03E|SGPT12|SGPT13|SGPT114|SGPT121|SGPT122|SGPT123|SGPT111|SGPT112|SGPT113|SGPT131|SGPT132|SGPT133|SGPT211|SGPT212|SGPT213|SGP311|SGP312|SGP321|EBRD1101|EBRD1102|EBRD1201|SGP351|SGP341|SGP511|SGP512|SGP521|SGP541|SGP551|SGP621|SGP641|SGP612|SOT31|SGP771|SGP611|SGP612|SGP712",PhilipsTablet:"\\b(PI2010|PI3000|PI3100|PI3105|PI3110|PI3205|PI3210|PI3900|PI4010|PI7000|PI7100)\\b",CubeTablet:"Android.(K8GT|U9GT|U10GT|U16GT|U17GT|U18GT|U19GT|U20GT|U23GT|U30GT)|CUBE 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([E|M]10|M8))\\b|Maxwell.Lite|Maxwell.Plus",HuaweiTablet:"MediaPad|MediaPad 7 Youth|IDEOS S7|S7-201c|S7-202u|S7-101|S7-103|S7-104|S7-105|S7-106|S7-201|S7-Slim|M2-A01L|BAH-L09|BAH-W09|AGS-L09|CMR-AL19",NecTablet:"\\bN-06D|\\bN-08D",PantechTablet:"Pantech.P4100",BronchoTablet:"Broncho.(N701|N708|N802|a710)",VersusTablet:"TOUCHPAD.[78910]|\\bTOUCHTAB\\b",ZyncTablet:"z1000|Z99 2G|z930|z990|z909|Z919|z900",PositivoTablet:"TB07STA|TB10STA|TB07FTA|TB10FTA",NabiTablet:"Android.\\bNabi",KoboTablet:"Kobo Touch|\\bK080\\b|\\bVox\\b Build|\\bArc\\b 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\\b(E3A|T3X|T5C|T5B|T3E|T3C|T3B|T1J|T1F|T2A|T1H|T1i|E1C|T1-E|T5-A|T4|E1-B|T2Ci|T1-B|T1-D|O1-A|E1-A|T1-A|T3A|T4i)\\b ",DanyTechTablet:"Genius Tab G3|Genius Tab S2|Genius Tab Q3|Genius Tab G4|Genius Tab Q4|Genius Tab G-II|Genius TAB GII|Genius TAB GIII|Genius Tab S1",GalapadTablet:"Android [0-9.]+; [a-z-]+; \\bG1\\b",MicromaxTablet:"Funbook|Micromax.\\b(P250|P560|P360|P362|P600|P300|P350|P500|P275)\\b",KarbonnTablet:"Android.\\b(A39|A37|A34|ST8|ST10|ST7|Smart Tab3|Smart Tab2)\\b",AllFineTablet:"Fine7 Genius|Fine7 Shine|Fine7 Air|Fine8 Style|Fine9 More|Fine10 Joy|Fine11 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1027",HCLTablet:"HCL.Tablet|Connect-3G-2.0|Connect-2G-2.0|ME Tablet U1|ME Tablet U2|ME Tablet G1|ME Tablet X1|ME Tablet Y2|ME Tablet Sync",DPSTablet:"DPS Dream 9|DPS Dual 7",VistureTablet:"V97 HD|i75 3G|Visture V4( HD)?|Visture V5( HD)?|Visture V10",CrestaTablet:"CTP(-)?810|CTP(-)?818|CTP(-)?828|CTP(-)?838|CTP(-)?888|CTP(-)?978|CTP(-)?980|CTP(-)?987|CTP(-)?988|CTP(-)?989",MediatekTablet:"\\bMT8125|MT8389|MT8135|MT8377\\b",ConcordeTablet:"Concorde([ ]+)?Tab|ConCorde ReadMan",GoCleverTablet:"GOCLEVER TAB|A7GOCLEVER|M1042|M7841|M742|R1042BK|R1041|TAB A975|TAB A7842|TAB A741|TAB A741L|TAB M723G|TAB M721|TAB A1021|TAB I921|TAB R721|TAB I720|TAB T76|TAB R70|TAB R76.2|TAB R106|TAB R83.2|TAB M813G|TAB I721|GCTA722|TAB I70|TAB I71|TAB S73|TAB R73|TAB R74|TAB R93|TAB R75|TAB R76.1|TAB A73|TAB A93|TAB A93.2|TAB T72|TAB R83|TAB R974|TAB R973|TAB A101|TAB A103|TAB A104|TAB A104.2|R105BK|M713G|A972BK|TAB A971|TAB R974.2|TAB R104|TAB R83.3|TAB A1042",ModecomTablet:"FreeTAB 9000|FreeTAB 7.4|FreeTAB 7004|FreeTAB 7800|FreeTAB 2096|FreeTAB 7.5|FreeTAB 1014|FreeTAB 1001 |FreeTAB 8001|FreeTAB 9706|FreeTAB 9702|FreeTAB 7003|FreeTAB 7002|FreeTAB 1002|FreeTAB 7801|FreeTAB 1331|FreeTAB 1004|FreeTAB 8002|FreeTAB 8014|FreeTAB 9704|FreeTAB 1003",VoninoTablet:"\\b(Argus[ _]?S|Diamond[ _]?79HD|Emerald[ _]?78E|Luna[ _]?70C|Onyx[ _]?S|Onyx[ _]?Z|Orin[ _]?HD|Orin[ _]?S|Otis[ _]?S|SpeedStar[ _]?S|Magnet[ _]?M9|Primus[ _]?94[ _]?3G|Primus[ _]?94HD|Primus[ _]?QS|Android.\\bQ8\\b|Sirius[ _]?EVO[ _]?QS|Sirius[ _]?QS|Spirit[ _]?S)\\b",ECSTablet:"V07OT2|TM105A|S10OT1|TR10CS1",StorexTablet:"eZee[_']?(Tab|Go)[0-9]+|TabLC7|Looney Tunes Tab",VodafoneTablet:"SmartTab([ ]+)?[0-9]+|SmartTabII10|SmartTabII7|VF-1497|VFD 1400",EssentielBTablet:"Smart[ ']?TAB[ ]+?[0-9]+|Family[ ']?TAB2",RossMoorTablet:"RM-790|RM-997|RMD-878G|RMD-974R|RMT-705A|RMT-701|RME-601|RMT-501|RMT-711",iMobileTablet:"i-mobile i-note",TolinoTablet:"tolino tab [0-9.]+|tolino shine",AudioSonicTablet:"\\bC-22Q|T7-QC|T-17B|T-17P\\b",AMPETablet:"Android.* A78 ",SkkTablet:"Android.* (SKYPAD|PHOENIX|CYCLOPS)",TecnoTablet:"TECNO P9|TECNO DP8D",JXDTablet:"Android.* \\b(F3000|A3300|JXD5000|JXD3000|JXD2000|JXD300B|JXD300|S5800|S7800|S602b|S5110b|S7300|S5300|S602|S603|S5100|S5110|S601|S7100a|P3000F|P3000s|P101|P200s|P1000m|P200m|P9100|P1000s|S6600b|S908|P1000|P300|S18|S6600|S9100)\\b",iJoyTablet:"Tablet (Spirit 7|Essentia|Galatea|Fusion|Onix 7|Landa|Titan|Scooby|Deox|Stella|Themis|Argon|Unique 7|Sygnus|Hexen|Finity 7|Cream|Cream X2|Jade|Neon 7|Neron 7|Kandy|Scape|Saphyr 7|Rebel|Biox|Rebel|Rebel 8GB|Myst|Draco 7|Myst|Tab7-004|Myst|Tadeo Jones|Tablet Boing|Arrow|Draco Dual Cam|Aurix|Mint|Amity|Revolution|Finity 9|Neon 9|T9w|Amity 4GB Dual Cam|Stone 4GB|Stone 8GB|Andromeda|Silken|X2|Andromeda II|Halley|Flame|Saphyr 9,7|Touch 8|Planet|Triton|Unique 10|Hexen 10|Memphis 4GB|Memphis 8GB|Onix 10)",FX2Tablet:"FX2 PAD7|FX2 PAD10",XoroTablet:"KidsPAD 701|PAD[ ]?712|PAD[ ]?714|PAD[ ]?716|PAD[ ]?717|PAD[ ]?718|PAD[ ]?720|PAD[ ]?721|PAD[ ]?722|PAD[ ]?790|PAD[ ]?792|PAD[ ]?900|PAD[ ]?9715D|PAD[ ]?9716DR|PAD[ ]?9718DR|PAD[ ]?9719QR|PAD[ ]?9720QR|TelePAD1030|Telepad1032|TelePAD730|TelePAD731|TelePAD732|TelePAD735Q|TelePAD830|TelePAD9730|TelePAD795|MegaPAD 1331|MegaPAD 1851|MegaPAD 2151",ViewsonicTablet:"ViewPad 10pi|ViewPad 10e|ViewPad 10s|ViewPad E72|ViewPad7|ViewPad E100|ViewPad 7e|ViewSonic VB733|VB100a",VerizonTablet:"QTAQZ3|QTAIR7|QTAQTZ3|QTASUN1|QTASUN2|QTAXIA1",OdysTablet:"LOOX|XENO10|ODYS[ -](Space|EVO|Xpress|NOON)|\\bXELIO\\b|Xelio10Pro|XELIO7PHONETAB|XELIO10EXTREME|XELIOPT2|NEO_QUAD10",CaptivaTablet:"CAPTIVA PAD",IconbitTablet:"NetTAB|NT-3702|NT-3702S|NT-3702S|NT-3603P|NT-3603P|NT-0704S|NT-0704S|NT-3805C|NT-3805C|NT-0806C|NT-0806C|NT-0909T|NT-0909T|NT-0907S|NT-0907S|NT-0902S|NT-0902S",TeclastTablet:"T98 4G|\\bP80\\b|\\bX90HD\\b|X98 Air|X98 Air 3G|\\bX89\\b|P80 3G|\\bX80h\\b|P98 Air|\\bX89HD\\b|P98 3G|\\bP90HD\\b|P89 3G|X98 3G|\\bP70h\\b|P79HD 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3G|\\bP85t\\b|\\bP90\\b|\\bP11\\b|\\bP98t\\b|\\bP98HD\\b|\\bG18d\\b|\\bP85s\\b|\\bP11HD\\b|\\bP88s\\b|\\bA80HD\\b|\\bA80se\\b|\\bA10h\\b|\\bP89\\b|\\bP78s\\b|\\bG18\\b|\\bP85\\b|\\bA70h\\b|\\bA70\\b|\\bG17\\b|\\bP18\\b|\\bA80s\\b|\\bA11s\\b|\\bP88HD\\b|\\bA80h\\b|\\bP76s\\b|\\bP76h\\b|\\bP98\\b|\\bA10HD\\b|\\bP78\\b|\\bP88\\b|\\bA11\\b|\\bA10t\\b|\\bP76a\\b|\\bP76t\\b|\\bP76e\\b|\\bP85HD\\b|\\bP85a\\b|\\bP86\\b|\\bP75HD\\b|\\bP76v\\b|\\bA12\\b|\\bP75a\\b|\\bA15\\b|\\bP76Ti\\b|\\bP81HD\\b|\\bA10\\b|\\bT760VE\\b|\\bT720HD\\b|\\bP76\\b|\\bP73\\b|\\bP71\\b|\\bP72\\b|\\bT720SE\\b|\\bC520Ti\\b|\\bT760\\b|\\bT720VE\\b|T720-3GE|T720-WiFi",OndaTablet:"\\b(V975i|Vi30|VX530|V701|Vi60|V701s|Vi50|V801s|V719|Vx610w|VX610W|V819i|Vi10|VX580W|Vi10|V711s|V813|V811|V820w|V820|Vi20|V711|VI30W|V712|V891w|V972|V819w|V820w|Vi60|V820w|V711|V813s|V801|V819|V975s|V801|V819|V819|V818|V811|V712|V975m|V101w|V961w|V812|V818|V971|V971s|V919|V989|V116w|V102w|V973|Vi40)\\b[\\s]+|V10 \\b4G\\b",JaytechTablet:"TPC-PA762",BlaupunktTablet:"Endeavour 800NG|Endeavour 1010",DigmaTablet:"\\b(iDx10|iDx9|iDx8|iDx7|iDxD7|iDxD8|iDsQ8|iDsQ7|iDsQ8|iDsD10|iDnD7|3TS804H|iDsQ11|iDj7|iDs10)\\b",EvolioTablet:"ARIA_Mini_wifi|Aria[ _]Mini|Evolio X10|Evolio X7|Evolio X8|\\bEvotab\\b|\\bNeura\\b",LavaTablet:"QPAD E704|\\bIvoryS\\b|E-TAB IVORY|\\bE-TAB\\b",AocTablet:"MW0811|MW0812|MW0922|MTK8382|MW1031|MW0831|MW0821|MW0931|MW0712",MpmanTablet:"MP11 OCTA|MP10 OCTA|MPQC1114|MPQC1004|MPQC994|MPQC974|MPQC973|MPQC804|MPQC784|MPQC780|\\bMPG7\\b|MPDCG75|MPDCG71|MPDC1006|MP101DC|MPDC9000|MPDC905|MPDC706HD|MPDC706|MPDC705|MPDC110|MPDC100|MPDC99|MPDC97|MPDC88|MPDC8|MPDC77|MP709|MID701|MID711|MID170|MPDC703|MPQC1010",CelkonTablet:"CT695|CT888|CT[\\s]?910|CT7 Tab|CT9 Tab|CT3 Tab|CT2 Tab|CT1 Tab|C820|C720|\\bCT-1\\b",WolderTablet:"miTab \\b(DIAMOND|SPACE|BROOKLYN|NEO|FLY|MANHATTAN|FUNK|EVOLUTION|SKY|GOCAR|IRON|GENIUS|POP|MINT|EPSILON|BROADWAY|JUMP|HOP|LEGEND|NEW AGE|LINE|ADVANCE|FEEL|FOLLOW|LIKE|LINK|LIVE|THINK|FREEDOM|CHICAGO|CLEVELAND|BALTIMORE-GH|IOWA|BOSTON|SEATTLE|PHOENIX|DALLAS|IN 101|MasterChef)\\b",MediacomTablet:"M-MPI10C3G|M-SP10EG|M-SP10EGP|M-SP10HXAH|M-SP7HXAH|M-SP10HXBH|M-SP8HXAH|M-SP8MXA",MiTablet:"\\bMI PAD\\b|\\bHM NOTE 1W\\b",NibiruTablet:"Nibiru M1|Nibiru Jupiter One",NexoTablet:"NEXO NOVA|NEXO 10|NEXO AVIO|NEXO FREE|NEXO GO|NEXO EVO|NEXO 3G|NEXO SMART|NEXO KIDDO|NEXO MOBI",LeaderTablet:"TBLT10Q|TBLT10I|TBL-10WDKB|TBL-10WDKBO2013|TBL-W230V2|TBL-W450|TBL-W500|SV572|TBLT7I|TBA-AC7-8G|TBLT79|TBL-8W16|TBL-10W32|TBL-10WKB|TBL-W100",UbislateTablet:"UbiSlate[\\s]?7C",PocketBookTablet:"Pocketbook",KocasoTablet:"\\b(TB-1207)\\b",HisenseTablet:"\\b(F5281|E2371)\\b",Hudl:"Hudl HT7S3|Hudl 2",TelstraTablet:"T-Hub2",GenericTablet:"Android.\\b97D\\b|Tablet(?!.PC)|BNTV250A|MID-WCDMA|LogicPD Zoom2|\\bA7EB\\b|CatNova8|A1_07|CT704|CT1002|\\bM721\\b|rk30sdk|\\bEVOTAB\\b|M758A|ET904|ALUMIUM10|Smartfren Tab|Endeavour 1010|Tablet-PC-4|Tagi Tab|\\bM6pro\\b|CT1020W|arc 10HD|\\bTP750\\b|\\bQTAQZ3\\b|WVT101|TM1088|KT107"},oss:{AndroidOS:"Android",BlackBerryOS:"blackberry|\\bBB10\\b|rim tablet os",PalmOS:"PalmOS|avantgo|blazer|elaine|hiptop|palm|plucker|xiino",SymbianOS:"Symbian|SymbOS|Series60|Series40|SYB-[0-9]+|\\bS60\\b",WindowsMobileOS:"Windows CE.(PPC|Smartphone|Mobile|[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})|Windows Mobile|Windows Phone [0-9.]+|WCE;",WindowsPhoneOS:"Windows Phone 10.0|Windows Phone 8.1|Windows Phone 8.0|Windows Phone OS|XBLWP7|ZuneWP7|Windows NT 6.[23]; ARM;",iOS:"\\biPhone.Mobile|\\biPod|\\biPad|AppleCoreMedia",iPadOS:"CPU OS 13",SailfishOS:"Sailfish",MeeGoOS:"MeeGo",MaemoOS:"Maemo",JavaOS:"J2ME/|\\bMIDP\\b|\\bCLDC\\b",webOS:"webOS|hpwOS",badaOS:"\\bBada\\b",BREWOS:"BREW"},uas:{Chrome:"\\bCrMo\\b|CriOS|Android.Chrome/[.0-9] (Mobile)?",Dolfin:"\\bDolfin\\b",Opera:"Opera.Mini|Opera.Mobi|Android.Opera|Mobile.OPR/[0-9.]+$|Coast/[0-9.]+",Skyfire:"Skyfire",Edge:"\\bEdgiOS\\b|Mobile Safari/[.0-9]* Edge",IE:"IEMobile|MSIEMobile",Firefox:"fennec|firefox.maemo|(Mobile|Tablet).Firefox|Firefox.Mobile|FxiOS",Bolt:"bolt",TeaShark:"teashark",Blazer:"Blazer",Safari:"Version((?!\\bEdgiOS\\b).)Mobile.Safari|Safari.Mobile|MobileSafari",WeChat:"\\bMicroMessenger\\b",UCBrowser:"UC.Browser|UCWEB",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser",DiigoBrowser:"DiigoBrowser",Mercury:"\\bMercury\\b",ObigoBrowser:"Obigo",NetFront:"NF-Browser",GenericBrowser:"NokiaBrowser|OviBrowser|OneBrowser|TwonkyBeamBrowser|SEMC.Browser|FlyFlow|Minimo|NetFront|Novarra-Vision|MQQBrowser|MicroMessenger",PaleMoon:"Android.PaleMoon|Mobile.PaleMoon"},props:{Mobile:"Mobile/[VER]",Build:"Build/[VER]",Version:"Version/[VER]",VendorID:"VendorID/[VER]",iPad:"iPad.CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPhone:"iPhone.CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPod:"iPod.CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",Kindle:"Kindle/[VER]",Chrome:["Chrome/[VER]","CriOS/[VER]","CrMo/[VER]"],Coast:["Coast/[VER]"],Dolfin:"Dolfin/[VER]",Firefox:["Firefox/[VER]","FxiOS/[VER]"],Fennec:"Fennec/[VER]",Edge:"Edge/[VER]",IE:["IEMobile/[VER];","IEMobile [VER]","MSIE [VER];","Trident/[0-9.]+;.rv:[VER]"],NetFront:"NetFront/[VER]",NokiaBrowser:"NokiaBrowser/[VER]",Opera:[" OPR/[VER]","Opera Mini/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],"Opera Mini":"Opera Mini/[VER]","Opera Mobi":"Version/[VER]",UCBrowser:["UCWEB[VER]","UC.Browser/[VER]"],MQQBrowser:"MQQBrowser/[VER]",MicroMessenger:"MicroMessenger/[VER]",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp/[VER]",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser/[VER]",SamsungBrowser:"SamsungBrowser/[VER]",Iron:"Iron/[VER]",Safari:["Version/[VER]","Safari/[VER]"],Skyfire:"Skyfire/[VER]",Tizen:"Tizen/[VER]",Webkit:"webkit[ /][VER]",PaleMoon:"PaleMoon/[VER]",SailfishBrowser:"SailfishBrowser/[VER]",Gecko:"Gecko/[VER]",Trident:"Trident/[VER]",Presto:"Presto/[VER]",Goanna:"Goanna/[VER]",iOS:" \\bi?OS\\b [VER][ ;]{1}",Android:"Android [VER]",Sailfish:"Sailfish [VER]",BlackBerry:["BlackBerry[\\w]+/[VER]","BlackBerry.Version/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],BREW:"BREW [VER]",Java:"Java/[VER]","Windows Phone OS":["Windows Phone OS [VER]","Windows Phone [VER]"],"Windows Phone":"Windows Phone [VER]","Windows CE":"Windows CE/[VER]","Windows NT":"Windows NT [VER]",Symbian:["SymbianOS/[VER]","Symbian/[VER]"],webOS:["webOS/[VER]","hpwOS/[VER];"]},utils:{Bot:"Googlebot|facebookexternalhit|Google-AMPHTML|s~amp-validator|AdsBot-Google|Google Keyword Suggestion|Facebot|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|bingbot|ia_archiver|AhrefsBot|Ezooms|GSLFbot|WBSearchBot|Twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|Twikle|PaperLiBot|Wotbox|UnwindFetchor|Exabot|MJ12bot|YandexImages|TurnitinBot|Pingdom|contentkingapp|AspiegelBot",MobileBot:"Googlebot-Mobile|AdsBot-Google-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2",DesktopMode:"WPDesktop",TV:"SonyDTV|HbbTV",WebKit:"(webkit)[ /]([\\w.]+)",Console:"\\b(Nintendo|Nintendo WiiU|Nintendo 3DS|Nintendo Switch|PLAYSTATION|Xbox)\\b",Watch:"SM-V700"}},g.detectMobileBrowsers={fullPattern:/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino/i, shortPattern:/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i,tabletPattern:/android|ipad|playbook|silk/i};var h,i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;return g.FALLBACK_PHONE="UnknownPhone",g.FALLBACK_TABLET="UnknownTablet",g.FALLBACK_MOBILE="UnknownMobile",h="isArray"in Array?Array.isArray:function(a){return"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(a)},function(){var a,b,c,e,f,j,k=g.mobileDetectRules;for(a in k.props)if(i.call(k.props,a)){for(b=k.props[a],h(b)||(b=[b]),f=b.length,e=0;e<f;++e)c=b[e],j=c.indexOf("[VER]"),j>=0&&(c=c.substring(0,j)+"([\\w._\\+]+)"+c.substring(j+5)),b[e]=new RegExp(c,"i");k.props[a]=b}d(k.oss),d(k.phones),d(k.tablets),d(k.uas),d(k.utils),k.oss0={WindowsPhoneOS:k.oss.WindowsPhoneOS,WindowsMobileOS:k.oss.WindowsMobileOS}}(),g.findMatch=function(a,b){for(var c in a)if(i.call(a,c)&&a[c].test(b))return c;return null},g.findMatches=function(a,b){var c=[];for(var d in a)i.call(a,d)&&a[d].test(b)&&c.push(d);return c},g.getVersionStr=function(a,b){var c,d,e,f,h=g.mobileDetectRules.props;if(i.call(h,a))for(c=h[a],e=c.length,d=0;d<e;++d)if(f=c[d].exec(b),null!==f)return f[1];return null},g.getVersion=function(a,b){var c=g.getVersionStr(a,b);return c?g.prepareVersionNo(c):NaN},g.prepareVersionNo=function(a){var b;return b=a.split(/[a-z._ \/\-]/i),1===b.length&&(a=b[0]),b.length>1&&(a=b[0]+".",b.shift(),a+=b.join("")),Number(a)},g.isMobileFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.fullPattern.test(a)||g.detectMobileBrowsers.shortPattern.test(a.substr(0,4))},g.isTabletFallback=function(a){return g.detectMobileBrowsers.tabletPattern.test(a)},g.prepareDetectionCache=function(a,c,d){if(a.mobile===b){var e,h,i;return(h=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.tablets,c))?(a.mobile=a.tablet=h,void(a.phone=null)):(e=g.findMatch(g.mobileDetectRules.phones,c))?(a.mobile=a.phone=e,void(a.tablet=null)):void(g.isMobileFallback(c)?(i=f.isPhoneSized(d),i===b?(a.mobile=g.FALLBACK_MOBILE,a.tablet=a.phone=null):i?(a.mobile=a.phone=g.FALLBACK_PHONE,a.tablet=null):(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null)):g.isTabletFallback(c)?(a.mobile=a.tablet=g.FALLBACK_TABLET,a.phone=null):a.mobile=a.tablet=a.phone=null)}},g.mobileGrade=function(a){var b=null!==a.mobile();return a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPad")>=4.3||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPhone")>=3.1||a.os("iOS")&&a.version("iPod")>=3.1||a.version("Android")>2.1&&a.is("Webkit")||a.version("Windows Phone 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Alexandra Hartman Editor-in-Chief

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