There are 3 award winners: Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zelliger for works related to “Quantum Entanglement” or “Quantum Entanglement”
when mentioning “Quantum entanglement” fans of science fiction movies. It often reminds me of science fiction movies. “Star Trek” (Star Trek) at Captain Kirk (In the first Star Trek TV movie, released in 1966) can travel from the ship. “Enterprise” landed on a planet outside the solar system or in another galaxy comfortably by the transmitter “Transporter” (transporter)
Or go back eight years before the first Star Trek TV episode. Reminds me of the classic science-fiction film The Fly (1958) in which scientists experiment with a substance transmitter. Then, by chance, there was a fly. fly into the machine Thus, the body and head were swapped. “Flyhead Man” and “Human head flies”
tv movie and the big screen movies. The Star Trek series has William Shatner (William Shatner) starring in the first series, and Al Hadison (Al Hedison) Vincent Price (Vincent Price) stars in the movie The Fly.
Currently (2022), William Shatner, 91 years old, is the oldest human being. that has traveled into space With the Blue Origin company spaceship on 31 October 2021 by Jeff Bezos (Jeff Bezos)
that the real science works about quantum entanglement Received the Nobel prize showing that the technology for transmitting matter by quantum entanglement Could it really happen, or not?
Is it true that matter is transmitted through quantum entanglement? With real life?
Or, more precisely, the transmission technology. as in star trek Can it really happen?
“Believe, think and act scientifically.” Today, I would like to bring readers to find answers to these questions together.
the beginning of this story Occurs from the beginning of the twentieth century. with the origin of quantum theory and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity with conflicts on some major issues
But the person who points the story “Quantum Entanglement” comes directly, is Einstein from thought feeling and Einstein’s understanding who disliked quantum theory, although Einstein himself also played an important role in the development of quantum theory
Einstein raised the issue of quantum entanglement in an article titled “Can Quantum Mechanical Description Of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete.” Is it complete?) Published in the journal Physical Review on May 15, 1935.
This article has become one of the most important articles. in the history of science and known as “EPR article” (EPR article) where EPR is the initials of the three authors of this article, where E is Einstein (Einstein), P is Podolsky (Boris Podolsky) and R is Rosen (Nathan Rosen).
In this article, Einstein and co-authors Put the problem in the form of a thought experiment. Suppose there are two particles or systems. arising from quantum processes such as the decay of energy and then becoming a pair of particles in which particles are paired will move away from each other and according to quantum principles both particles It has physical properties such as momentum and relative position…
And if we measure the momentum of a particle according to quantum principles another particle There must be another momentum immediately. whether the two particles How far apart will you be?
At this point, Einstein points out, This is problematic because it shows that the two particles Must be able to send and receive momentum signals instantly. no matter how far apart even on opposite sides of the galaxy which would go against the theory of relativity at the signal between the two particles will reach each other faster than light
Einstein therefore concluded that the phenomenon exemplified in this thought experiment can’t happen bring to a conclusion It raises questions about the imperfections of quantum theory. that such a phenomenon can occur
In fact, the phenomenon Einstein mentioned was the quantum entanglement known today. But Einstein still didn’t use the word. “entanglement” in the ECR article
The person who coined the term “entanglement” was Erwin Schrodinger Austrian physicist The author of the equation is called by his name. Schrodinger equation
Schrödinger equation It’s an equation that physicists use to calculate quantum problems. in the same way that Newton’s equation of motion (F = ma) is used to calculate the motion of objects.
Schrödinger used the word “entanglement” in his letter to Einstein after reading an EPR article.
Since then, the term “entanglement” has become a specific term for physics. which has been used since then and is fully referred to as “quantum entanglement” or “Quantum Entanglement” because it is a phenomenon that can only happen in the quantum world
So when did Einstein’s “distant ghost craft” come up?
After Einstein received Schrödinger’s letter and Einstein reinforced Einstein’s ideas in 1935 about the incompleteness of the quant theory. Tam said the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Can’t happen because it’s a “skill of long-distance ghosts”
Throughout the period, since 1935, Einstein called quantum entanglement. It’s the handiwork of a long-distance ghost. Until the day Einstein left the world (2498 B.E.), there were attempts in physics. to prove that Is Einstein’s statement correct?
In general, the opinion of most physicists is that Einstein is probably wrong. But there is no main or any proof to clearly indicate that Einstein is right or wrong?
Einstein therefore left the world with the certainty that “Long-distance ghost skills” is right!
But when Einstein Gone for almost ten years. The voices of those who believed that Einstein might be wrong became louder and clearer. especially with “Bell inequality” or “Bell Inequality Principle” of John Stewart Bell (John Stewart Bell) in 1964
From now on, here are three works of the Nobel Prize in Physics of the year 2022 starting from Glazer in the year 1972 that designed an experiment to test “Bell Inequality Principle”
Continuation of Bell’s inequality test by Aspect in 1981.
To the conclusion of the experiment by Seller In the year 1998 that showed that “Quantum entanglement” of two particles is possible.
Importantly, Sellinger has shown for the first time that “quantum teleportation” actually happens. by teleporting photons (particle of light) 1 meter distance in the laboratory
It therefore comes to a clear conclusion that Einstein’s words about “long distance ghost“That’s wrong!
How would Einstein feel? If still alive until the day his “distant ghost” was caught?!
Einstein was brave enough to present new ideas. that no one dared to think before
Usually, Einstein was known for his “stubborn” belief in his new ideas.
but will accept if their own thoughts There is clear evidence that they are wrong!
When 100 German scientists signed the “One Hundred Authors Against Einstein” manifesto in 1931 condemning the theory of relativity. Einstein’s is wrong! Einstein said……
“It doesn’t take 100 scientists to come out and declare that. The theory of relativity is wrong because the fact that relativity is wrong is enough!”
If Einstein lived to date “Distant Ghost” Misconducted, the author believes that Einstein would “regret” his idea of Quantum entanglement is wrong.
But Einstein would “accept” and consider it “Great Advances in Science” because of Einstein always said “The advancement of science It can happen with the courage to think new and not stick to old ideas. Whether it’s a big idea or how important it is!”
From now on, it’s time for answers to the questions we set. The author would like to sum up the questions and answers as follows…..
• Is quantum entanglement a real phenomenon?
The direct answer is yes, quantum entanglement. There are both that occur naturally. And that was made by scientists.
An example of quantum entanglement There are, for example, electrons, which are layered around the nucleus of an atom, are quantum entangled. do not live together freely
The quantum entanglement that was made There are many examples. Both are particles of light (photons) and ordinary particles such as electrons, protons, and atoms. to the group of atoms and the distance between the particles Or the intertwined atoms, rising to thousands of kilometers. between earth and space
• Is it true that scientists can create quantum correlations? with living things?
The answer is that there are reports of quantum entanglement experiments. with living beings, there are actually two types bacteria andWater Bear (Tardigrade) These tiny, eight-legged invertebrates, measuring only 1.5 millimeters at most, are able to withstand extremes of temperature, pressure, food, water, and even space.
for bacteria There is a report published in the Journal Of Physics Communications on October 10, 2018, reporting on quantum entanglement experiments. between bacteria and photons (related to photosynthesis)
In the case of water bears There is a report published in the journal arXiv (not yet peer-reviewed) on December 16, 2021, quantum entanglement experiment with water bears, which if true. It will be the first time for quantum entanglement. with living beings as animals
However, for entanglement experiments with living beings, Reported cases of both bacteria and water bears have also been suspected. What happened was not really quantum entanglement.
• How about a transporter in Star Trek?
The direct answer is not yet Because it’s also complex, difficult, and requires the energy involved, it’s said to be extremely enormous if it’s to be transmitted. “Captain Kirk” from the Enterprise actually landed on the lower planet due to the transmission or quantum teleportation, which is possible still at the particle level. or a group of particles that are not so large, and actually what they can do It’s just a transmission. Or teleport the quantum state (quantum state) in the form of information only.
Another issue that has been mentioned As for Star Trek-style transmission, it would, in fact, go against Einstein’s theory of relativity. because if there is a need to transport matter It will not be able to be done immediately. As in the case of information transmission of quantum entanglement, that is, it must always be done at a speed lower than the speed of light.
which means The case for Star Trek transmissions Einstein’s saying that “Distant Ghost Craft” will still Not wrong!
• If quantum entanglement It’s not possible to make the transmission technology like in Star Trek happen. and quantum entanglement What’s the benefit?
The answer is simply quantum entanglement. that transmit only news information opened up research opportunities and applications of quantum mechanics about quantum information Many new things such as Quantum computers, computer networks, and quantum encryption communications. that are difficult to eavesdrop or decipher
Importantly, although the understanding of most scientists today is that Star Trek technology is unlikely to happen …
But there are some scientists. including the author Arthur C. Clark’s “First Law” (of three) concerning “the possibility or not of science and future technology That ……
If a senior scientist One important person said that anything could be possible. You can be sure, “He is right.” But if he says, it is impossible It’s almost believable that “he was wrong.”
And the reader? What do you think about Star Trek-like teleportation technology?
Do you agree with Clark’s First Law?