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Humanoid robots performing synchronized Kung Fu routines took center stage Monday night during China’s annual Spring Festival Gala, the country’s most-watched television broadcast. The robots, developed by Unitree Robotics, Noetix, MagicLab, and Galbot, delivered intricate martial arts sequences, complete with weapon operate and coordinated movements alongside child performers, captivating hundreds of millions of viewers.
The performance, described by some observers as “flawless,” represents a significant leap from last year’s gala, which featured robots with more limited motions, including walking, twisting, and kicking. This year’s display showcased the ability to operate a large number of nearly identical humanoids in synchronized motion, maintaining stable gaits and consistent joint behavior, according to Georg Stieler, head of robotics and automation at Stieler Technology and Marketing.
The gala’s focus on robotics has prompted discussion about China’s technological ambitions and its growing competition with the United States in the field of artificial intelligence. Kyle Chan, an expert in China’s technology development at the Brookings Institution, noted that Beijing utilizes these public performances to “dazzle domestic and international audiences with China’s technological prowess.” He added that humanoid robots are an area where China can claim to be ahead of the US, particularly in terms of scaling up production.
Even as the robots’ performance was visually impressive, experts caution against equating stage performance with industrial robustness. Stieler emphasized that the routines were likely the result of extensive training – “hundreds or thousands of times” – and that the robots’ capabilities are limited to pre-programmed sequences. “You could not just tell them to change direction or do something completely different,” he said. He too noted that progress in dexterity lags behind advancements in locomotion.
The unveiling of these advanced robots underscores China’s broader technological strategy. By the complete of 2024, the country had registered 451,700 smart robotics companies, with a total capital investment of 6.44 trillion yuan (approximately $932.16 billion), according to state data. Robotics and AI are key priorities within major government initiatives such as Made in China 2025 and the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Market projections indicate continued growth in China’s humanoid robot sector. Morgan Stanley forecasts that China’s humanoid sales will more than double to 28,000 units in 2026. Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, recently stated that he anticipates Chinese companies will be his biggest competitors as Tesla pivots toward embodied AI and its Optimus humanoid robot. “People outside China underestimate China, but China is an ass-kicker next level,” Musk said last month.
Marina Zhang, a technology professor at the University of Technology Sydney, suggested that the gala’s showcase signals a potential shift in China’s manufacturing masterplan, with robotics becoming central to a transition from low-cost assembly to high-end, smart manufacturing. The performance also drew international attention, with videos of the robots’ Kung Fu routines flooding social media platforms and garnering comments describing the display as “incredible” and “shocking.”