Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the colon and rectum, and there are no symptoms in the early stages, but ‘bloody stool’ occurs only after a certain degree of progression. If it progresses further, ‘intestinal obstruction’ and ‘abdominal bloating’ appear, where the tumor blocks the large intestine and makes it difficult to defecate. If it persists, ‘intestinal perforation’ and ‘peritonitis’ appear, which is fatal to life.
In most cases of colorectal cancer, the cause is unknown. It is known that an ‘adenomatous polyp’ that occurs in the colonic mucosal gland cells turns into a ‘malignant tumor’ over time. About 5 to 15% are caused by genetic factors, and the risk of developing the disease increases if there is an underlying disease such as inflammatory bowel disease. According to a recent study, the incidence of colorectal cancer is high in countries with high meat and alcohol consumption and obesity index.
Diagnosis is first confirmed by confirming the lesion through a colonoscopy and confirming the diagnosis through a histological examination. In addition, abdominal ultrasound, CT, PET-CT, MRI, blood test, fecal occult blood test, rectal finger test, and rectal ultrasonography can be used for diagnosis.
In the early stages of colorectal cancer, it is possible to remove the tumor with endoscopic surgery, but if it is advanced enough, surgical treatment that completely separates and removes the tumor is required. The operation removes the large intestine far enough away from the tumor center and also extensively resections the surrounding lymph glands.
In addition, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are combined to improve the treatment effect, preserve the anus, prevent recurrence, and prolong life. Recently, targeted therapies are used for recurrent or metastatic cancer, or in combination with chemotherapy.
To prevent colorectal cancer, the most important thing is to improve your diet. If the total daily calorie intake is more than the recommended amount, reduce the intake and avoid excessive red meat and high-protein and high-fat diets as much as possible. High fiber and calcium intake lowers the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is good to maintain an appropriate weight through appropriate physical activity, and to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption.
Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital Professor Lim Dae-ro (a specialist in colorectal and rectal surgery) said, “If treatment is delayed, the tumor metastasizes to other organs, making it difficult to cure. Early detection and active treatment of colorectal cancer through regular screening can improve the survival rate and quality of life.” By Jang Jong-ho, reporter [email protected]