While 2.8 million people worldwide are affected by multiple sclerosis, a study published in the journal “Science” last week shows that the Epstein-Barr virus participates in the development of this autoimmune disease, although not everyone who has contracted this virus develops it automatically. Moreover, 95% of adults are exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus, which can cause other diseases, such as mononucleosis.
Tests on American soldiers
The hypothesis has been studied for several years. Researchers have for 20 years closely followed a population of more than 10 million young adults enlisted in the US military.
955 of them were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis through regular blood tests. According to the work, the risk of contracting this disease was multiplied after contracting the Epstein-Barr virus, considered a risk factor.
Prevent multiple sclerosis by eliminating the Epstein-Barr virus
It is “the first study providing convincing evidence of causation”, said Alberto Ascherio, lead author and professor of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. “This is an important step, as it suggests that most cases of multiple sclerosis could be prevented by stopping Epstein-Barr virus infection.”, he added in a press release relayed in the national press. “Targeting this virus could lead to the discovery of a cure”, he concludes.
What are multiple sclerosis and the Epstein-Barr virus?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the brain and spinal cord that disrupts the immune system and attacks the protective sheath of nerve fibers.
The Epstein-Barr virus is a virus that infects the white blood cells of the immune system. Very often harmless, it is nevertheless very widespread given that 95% of humans have it in them. Once contracted, you cannot get rid of it. This virus stays dormant most of the time.
A potential cure for the future: a messenger RNA vaccine?
A vaccine could possibly reduce the chances of developing multiple sclerosis later on if caught early enough.
This discovery encourages laboratories to find a cure via a messenger RNA vaccine against the Epstein-barr virus. Moderna has announced that it has started clinical trials.