Sunstroke (or heatstroke) is the result of prolonged exposure to sunlight or high heat. It mainly affects children and the elderly. This heatstroke generally occurs when the subject has not taken the necessary precautions to protect themselves or has not been sufficiently hydrated.
Causes
When the body finds itself in a particularly hot atmosphere or during prolonged physical exertion, perspiration and heat lead to water loss (dehydration) and a decrease in blood pressure.
This is called hyperthermia. The body then struggles to regulate its internal temperature (thermoregulation) and disturbs the balance of body fluids and salts. The organs can be affected and send alarm signals. Defense processes such as an inflammatory response are then triggered.
Please note that sunstroke should not be confused with sunburn.
Symptoms
There are many signs of sunstroke. The following symptoms may appear immediately following dehydration:
•Étourdissement
•Fatigue
•Headache
•Dry skin
• Stiffness in the neck
• Sensation of heat in the face
•Nausées
•Vomissements
•Increased heart rate
If the body temperature reaches a level above 40° and is associated with neurological disorders (mental confusion, delirium, focal deficit, convulsions, impaired consciousness, even coma), it is strongly recommended to call an emergency service. Failure to treat heat stroke can quickly endanger the patient’s life.
Emergency measures and treatments
Initially, it is essential to undress the patient, put him in the shade and ensure his progressive rehydration by giving him enough water. Then, to restore normal body temperature, it is best to apply cold wraps to the head and neck. Using a fan or air conditioner can also be effective in lowering the room temperature. It is strongly recommended to consult a doctor, in order to avoid any risk of neurological sequelae.
Paracetamol or aspirin can certainly help relieve headaches, but are not recommended in case of sunstroke, given their effects on the liver and blood circulation.
Prevention tips
Here are some steps you can take to avoid sunstroke:
•Wear a wide-brimmed hat when exposed to the sun
• Hydrate regularly without waiting to be thirsty
•Preferably set up in a cool place or in the shade
•Avoid intense activities during hours of strong radiation (1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.)
•Protect yourself from the sun
•Wear light clothing, a hat or cap and glasses
•Apply a protective cream
•Encourage showers with cold water
•Regularly wet your cap
•Spray yourself with fresh water, without forgetting the forehead and the nape of the neck
Source : www.sante-sur-le-net.com