2023-12-20 23:00:00
On French electricity networks, the concept of connection only exists at low voltage (LV). The connection is the terminal part of the network intended for an individual or collective supply of users, between the network (BT line or MV/LV substation departure) and the customer’s delivery point (PO) where the meter is generally located and the switching device necessary for the protection of the installations inside the premises of the latter. On its own, Enedis, the main distribution network operator (DSO) in France, which operates on 95% of the metropolitan territory and supplies 35 million customers, therefore manages a portfolio of 35 million connections which represent a significant percentage of its fixed assets. The powers connected by these connections vary from 3 kVA to 240 kVA. They power installations ranging from panels to small industrial companies (yellow tariff), including individual residences, apartment buildings, tertiary buildings, electric vehicle charging stations, etc. In recent years, the minimum annual number of housing units started was around 350,000. All these housing units having to be connected to electricity, it is easy to see that standardization of the design, the choice of materials used, studies and the creation of connections were necessary very early on:
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given the issues:
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safety of people and conservation of property (emergency cuts),
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quality of service for public electricity distribution (limitation of voltage drops, control of overloads and overcurrents, and wave quality),
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combating the fraudulent use of electrical energy;
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given the number of stakeholders involved (owner, project manager, design offices, distribution network manager and gas, water, heat, telecom network managers).
Low voltage connection installations are governed by the NF C 14-100 standard regardless of the network manager. This standard was reissued in 2021 taking into account evolving user needs and technological developments. The rules for electric vehicle charging infrastructure (IRVE) are taken into account in this edition.
It also takes into account the construction of public distribution stations integrated into buildings and in this case specifies the earth connection diagram.
The NF C 14-100 standard specifies the conditions for creating connection installations, the basic principles being those defined in the fundamental standard NF C 15-100, which concerns the interior installations of the user’s premises.
It is the ambition of this article to shed light on these developments.
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