Mandatory Preinstallation of State-Backed Messaging App on iPhones in Russia

August 21, 2025

Russia Orders Pre-Installation of State Messenger App on All Devices

Moscow has issued a sweeping directive requiring all newly manufactured phones, tablets, and even Smart TVs to come equipped with domestically developed applications, marking a meaningful escalation in teh country’s control over its digital landscape. The mandate, announced Today, aims to bolster the use of Russian-made software and reduce reliance on foreign technology.

New Regulations Detail App Requirements

Beginning September 1st, manufacturers of mobile devices will be obligated to pre-install the MAX messenger application, a state-backed choice to popular platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram.This requirement extends to all “gadgets”, including iPhones and iPads, as well as Android-based devices. Additionally, the RuStore application marketplace must also be pre-installed on all devices.

The government’s order does not stop at mobile devices. Starting January 1st, smart televisions will be required to feature LIME HD TV, offering access to state-sponsored television channels. This move signifies a broader effort to curate the media consumption of Russian citizens.

Escalating Conflict with Global Messaging Giants

This latest development emerges amidst a prolonged dispute between the Russian government and prominent international messaging applications. Earlier this month, the Kremlin imposed restrictions on calls made through WhatsApp and telegram, citing concerns related to alleged “fraud and terrorism cases” and the platforms’ refusal to collaborate with investigations.

Recent data indicates the dominance of foreign messaging apps among Russian users. According to a report from Mediascope released earlier this year, WhatsApp commands a substantial 97.3 million active users in Russia, followed closely by telegram with 90.8 million.The state-backed VK Messenger trails considerably, with approximately 17.9 million users.

MAX,in contrast,has recently surpassed 18 million users. This growth coincides with the confirmation of the first arrest of a MAX user, accused by Russian authorities of involvement in a fraud scheme.

Did You Know? The move to promote MAX is part of a wider effort to achieve technological sovereignty, reducing Russia’s dependence on Western technology and increasing control over data security.

Messaging App	Russian Users (Millions – 2025)
WhatsApp	97.3
Telegram	90.8
VK Messenger	17.9
MAX	18

Pro Tip: If you’re traveling to Russia, it’s wise to be aware of these changes and consider the potential limitations on accessing your preferred dialog apps.

Concerns Raised About Data Privacy

MAX has faced scrutiny and allegations surrounding potential surveillance capabilities, with some critics asserting the application might potentially be used by the russian state to monitor user activity. State media sources have consistently dismissed these accusations. The integration of MAX with various government services raises further privacy concerns for citizens.

The Growing Trend of Digital Sovereignty

Russia’s actions reflect a broader global trend towards “digital sovereignty,” where nations seek greater control over thier digital infrastructure and data flows. Similar initiatives are being explored in other countries, frequently enough driven by concerns about data privacy, national security, and economic competitiveness. It is worth noting that in July 2024, the European Parliament also began debating similar regulations concerning data privacy and control of digital platforms. This move by Russia may therefore influence similar policies in other territories.

Frequently Asked Questions about MAX and russia’s Digital Policy

• What is MAX? MAX is a state-backed messaging app developed in Russia as an alternative to WhatsApp and Telegram.
• When will the pre-installation requirement take effect? The requirement for pre-installing MAX on phones and tablets begins September 1st, while the Smart TV mandate starts January 1st.
• Does this affect existing phone owners? The directive applies to newly manufactured devices. Existing phone owners will not be forced to install MAX.
• What are the privacy concerns surrounding MAX? Critics allege MAX might potentially be used for government surveillance, though these claims have been denied by state media.
• What is RuStore? RuStore is Russia’s domestic application store, designed to promote Russian-made apps and reduce reliance on foreign platforms.
• Will WhatsApp and telegram be banned in Russia? While not officially banned, the Kremlin has restricted calls on these platforms and is actively promoting domestic alternatives.

What are your thoughts on governments mandating the pre-installation of specific apps? Do you think this is a justifiable measure for national security, or a violation of user privacy? Share your opinions in the comments below.

What are the potential risks to user data privacy associated with the preinstallation of state-backed messaging apps?

The new Regulation: A Deep Dive

In a move sparking international debate, Russia has mandated the preinstallation of a suite of domestically developed applications, including state-backed messaging apps, on all smartphones sold within the country, effective January 1, 2021. this regulation, overseen by the Ministry of Digital Advancement, Communications and Mass Media, substantially impacts Apple’s iPhone sales and raises concerns about data privacy, cybersecurity, and digital sovereignty. The list of apps initially included VK Messenger, Mail.ru Agent, and others, with the intention of promoting Russian digital services. While the initial deadline passed, implementation faced delays and complexities, notably with Apple.

Apple’s Resistance and Subsequent Compliance

apple initially resisted the Russian government’s demands,citing concerns about security and the potential for forced installation of unwanted software. This resistance stemmed from Apple’s strict control over its iOS ecosystem and its commitment to user choice. However, facing potential restrictions on its market access in Russia – a significant, albeit shrinking, market – Apple eventually reached a compromise in April 2021.

The solution involved a system where users are presented with a screen upon initial iPhone setup offering a list of Russian apps to download.While not preinstalled in the customary sense, the apps are prominently displayed and easily accessible, effectively fulfilling the spirit of the regulation. This workaround avoids directly altering the iOS operating system, a key concern for Apple. The Russian government has stated satisfaction with this approach.

Implications for data Privacy and Security

The mandatory app offering raises significant data privacy and security concerns.

Data Collection: State-backed messaging apps are often subject to greater government oversight, potentially allowing access to user data, including message content, location data, and contacts.

Encryption Concerns: The level of encryption used by these apps may be lower than that of internationally recognized secure messaging platforms like Signal or WhatsApp, making communications more vulnerable to interception.

Cybersecurity Risks: Preinstallation or prominent offering of apps from less-vetted sources could introduce vulnerabilities to the iOS ecosystem, potentially exposing users to malware or other security threats.

roskomnadzor’s Role: Russia’s communications regulator, Roskomnadzor, plays a key role in enforcing these regulations and has the authority to block apps that do not comply with Russian law.

These concerns have prompted criticism from privacy advocates and cybersecurity experts globally. The potential for mass surveillance and censorship is a major point of contention.

Impact on iPhone Sales and Market Dynamics

The regulation has demonstrably impacted iPhone sales in Russia, though quantifying the exact effect is arduous.

Market Share Shift: While Apple remains a popular brand, the requirement has likely contributed to a shift in market share towards Android devices, which are generally more open to customization and preinstallation of apps.

Increased Costs: The process of implementing the workaround and ensuring compliance has added costs for Apple.

Consumer Choice: The regulation limits consumer choice by prioritizing state-backed apps over alternatives.

Geopolitical Implications: The situation highlights the growing trend of digital sovereignty and the increasing willingness of governments to exert control over the digital space within their borders.

legal Framework and Justification

The Russian government justifies the regulation under the guise of national security and promoting domestic technology industries. The law is based on amendments to the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Protection of Information,” which grants the government the authority to require preinstallation of domestically developed software on electronic devices.

Critics argue that the law is a form of digital protectionism designed to stifle competition and exert greater control over the flow of information. The legal basis for the regulation remains a subject of debate among legal scholars.

Alternatives and Workarounds for users

For users concerned about privacy and security, several options exist:

VPNs: Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) can encrypt internet traffic and mask IP addresses, providing a degree of anonymity.

Secure messaging Apps: Utilizing end-to-end encrypted messaging apps like Signal, WhatsApp (with encryption enabled), or Telegram (with Secret Chats) can protect dialog content.

App Store Restrictions: users can avoid downloading the offered Russian apps.

Awareness and Caution: Being mindful of the data collected by apps and adjusting privacy settings accordingly is crucial.

The Broader Trend of Digital Sovereignty

russia’s actions are part of a broader global trend towards digital sovereignty, where countries are seeking to exert greater control over their digital infrastructure and data flows. Similar regulations are being considered or implemented in other nations, including China and India.This trend raises fundamental questions about the future of the internet and the balance between national security, economic interests, and individual freedoms. The debate surrounding data localization, content regulation, and the control of technology platforms is likely to intensify in the years to come.

Case Study: Similar Regulations in China

China has implemented similar regulations requiring preinstallation of government-approved apps on devices sold within its borders. This has resulted in significant changes to the smartphone market in China, with foreign manufacturers facing increased scrutiny