2023-05-03 22:45:59
Under Thursday, May 4th, the book of history records, among other things:
1328: In the Treaty of Northampton, the Scottish King Robert I Bruce enforces the recognition of the independence of his kingdom by the English.
1493: Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), under whose pontificate corruption and moral decay reach their peak, divides the newly discovered colonial world between Spain and Portugal with his bull “Inter caetera divina”.
1923: After a Nazi rally in Vienna, there are clashes with social democrats and communists. A worker is shot, 50 people are injured.
1938: Carl von Ossietzky, the most important writer of the Weimar Republic and a symbol of resistance against the Nazi dictatorship, dies in Berlin as a result of his imprisonment in a concentration camp. The publisher of the “Weltbühne”, the leading mouthpiece against militarism and chauvinism, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1936 (retrospectively for 1935), which he was not allowed to accept.
1943: Hitler bestowed the name “Reichsgrenadierdivision Hoch- und Deutschmeister” on the 44th Infantry Division of the German Wehrmacht (destroyed in Stalingrad and then re-established). (Dating back to 1696, the former Viennese house regiment was a traditional body of troops in the army of the First Republic).
1948: Bert Brecht’s “Caucasian Chalk Circle” premieres at Carlston College in the USA.
1953: Standardization of exchange rates in Austria. The exchange rate of the US dollar is fixed at 26 shillings.
1953: Ernest Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize for his short story The Old Man and the Sea.
1963: 180 people drown in a ferry boat accident on the Nile.
1978: The new theater in Vienna opens with Jean Genet’s “The Balcony” under the direction of Hans Gratzer.
1978: The Soviet head of state and party leader Leonid Brezhnev arrives in Bonn for a state visit.
1983: A short-wave transmitter with a 240-ton double-wall antenna is put into operation in Moosbrunn (Lower Austria) for the ORF foreign service (ROI).
1993: The US officially hands over command of multinational forces in Somalia to the United Nations.
1998: In Rome, the commander of the papal Swiss Guard, Colonel Alois Estermann, and his Venezuelan wife Gladys Meza Romero are shot dead by 23-year-old Vice-Corporal Cedric Tornay, who is said to have committed suicide. Estermann is said to have previously worked for the GDR secret service under the alias “Werder”.
2018: The US judiciary is suing ex-VW boss Martin Winterkorn because of the emissions scandal and issuing an arrest warrant against the former top manager. The 70-year-old has been charged with four counts of fraud and conspiracy to violate environmental laws and deceive authorities. Winterkorn has always denied any personal involvement in the emissions scandal.
birthdays: Wolfgang Graf Berghe von Trips, German racing driver (1928-1961); Maynard Ferguson, US jazz trumpeter (1928-2006); Hosni Mubarak, Egypt. President 1981-2011 (1928-2020); Helene von Damm (born Winter, died Gürtler), US diplomat from Austria. origin (1938); Keith Haring, US artist (1958-1990).
days of death: Kanō Jigorō, Japan. martial artists; Founder of the Japanese martial art Judo (1860-1938); Carl von Ossietzky, German writer and publicist; Nobel Peace Prize 1935 (1889-1938); Jacques Freymond, Switzerland. historian (1911-1998); Abi Ofarim, Israel. Singer and producer (1937-2018).
name days: Florian, Guido, Monika, Sigismund, Briccius, Valeria, Cecilia, Antonia, Walter, Aribo.
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