IBD, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, tends to become chronic and permanent and in some cases can become fatal. Currently, there is no cure, and existing medications that relieve symptoms are not without side effects. Identifying or developing more effective alternative options is therefore a priority.
Eliminate ROS from inflamed intestines
Chinese researchers explored a treatment method using Au25 nanoparticles which in previous studies had been shown to be effective in removing a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of molecule that can damage the body. DNA, RNA and cell proteins. Elevated levels of ROS are a hallmark of the gastrointestinal tract of patients with IBD.
The team shows that oral administration of Au25 particles to colitis model mice:
- eliminates ROS, increases antioxidant enzymes and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, without any side effects;
- induces a reduction in inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract of mouse models within 24 hours.
Orally administrable, treatment with nanoparticles is non-invasive. With still other advantages compared to the natural enzymes traditionally used in the treatment of IBD: lower cost, better stability and easier storage. Thus, Au25 nanoparticles are unaffected by pH and temperature and their excellent stability and resistance to acids allow them to easily access the inflamed colon. They also benefit from good biocompatibility and chemical stability and can remove a wide variety of ROS.
It is therefore a promising strategy against IBD which again illustrates the advantages and advances of nanomedicine.