2024-05-03 04:00:12
The « Portrait of professions in France in 2022 », published by INSEE on April 29, reflects the rise in qualifications and the tertiarisation of the French economy to the detriment of industry and agriculture. Executives are the big winners from this development. In this study, covering all employees living in France excluding Mayotte, their share among employed people “almost tripled over the period, from 8% in 1982 to 21.7% in 2022”.
A progression that must however be qualified. Certainly, France has more students pursuing long studies and more executives and intellectual professions than the European average.
But we must also take into account the fact that the “executive” status has expanded over the decades, explains Bruno Coquet, researcher associated with the French Observatory of Economic Conditions (OFCE) and employment specialist: “Since the advent of thirty-five hours, some employers have found it advantageous to employ more employees under managerial status and therefore on day packages to have more flexibility in the regulation of working hours. » Thus intermediate professions at bac + 2 or bac + 3 level can move into this category due to their experience or following a promotion.
Deindustrialization of the French economy
Conversely, workers constitute the category which has declined the most. Their part “has declined continuously, from 29.9% in 1982 to 18.9% in 2022”, notes INSEE. This decline obviously reflects the deindustrialization of the French economy, one of the strongest among the developed G7 countries: from 1980 to 2018, industry lost half of its workforce, and its share in gross domestic product ( GDP) fell by 10 points, to settle at 13.8% in 2018, recalls France Stratégie, a public policy evaluation service for the Prime Minister.
INSEE also notes that the decline in this professional category is mainly suffered by low-skilled workers. “Over the long term, they are more concerned by significant productivity gains linked to the automation of tasks”, specify Erwan Pouliquen, head of the profession – qualification – training section, and Laura Castell, head of the employment division of INSEE. Furthermore, labor-intensive industries such as textiles, which employed low-skilled workers en masse, have largely been outsourced to emerging countries.
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