2023-09-26 22:00:00
Discovered by Becquerel in 1839, the photovoltaic effect is the foundation of solar energy production. The principle is the conversion into electricity of part of the sun’s radiation, therefore of the energy of photons.
It is progress in the semiconductor industry that has enabled the industrial development of this technique. To generate an electric current in a semiconductor, it must be supplied with energy greater than the value of the gap, thus extracting electrons from the valence band and moving them into the conduction band. The outgoing electron leaves a vacant hole, which is filled by another electron, which itself frees another hole: a current is thus established.
Currently, the technology of silicon cells or other thin layers, as well as the techniques for doping these materials, are well mastered and increasingly effective. Research attempts to optimize performance, lower manufacturing costs of these products but also environmental impact.
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