2023-12-06 23:00:00
Since their invention in 1839, the prospects for commercial development of fuel cells have never been so good, as a result of research efforts, strategic choices by large industrial groups, automobile manufacturers and in response to a context environmental, societal and political in strong evolution.
The general principle of fuel cells is first recalled by evaluating the thermodynamic and kinetic quantities of the electrochemical reactions involved (oxidation of the fuel at the anode, reduction of oxygen at the cathode) in a wide temperature range (25 ° C to 1000°C) to introduce low temperature and high temperature batteries. Low temperature batteries (hydrogen/oxygen membrane batteries and direct methanol oxidation batteries) are then described in detail.
THE Proton exchange membrane cells (PEMFC) have now reached significant levels of technological maturity allowing, beyond simple demonstrations, real industrial production, as well as their marketing in multiple areas: production of stationary electrical energy (buildings and power plants, emergency power supply , generators for events), land mobility (bicycles, light vehicles, trucks, buses, trains), river and maritime navigation, aerospace applications (airplane, drones, launchers, satellites). They have good compactness in terms of specific power (> 3 kW · kg–1 et > 3 kW L–1), good prospects for cost reduction and sufficient lifespans.
The other batteries (AFC, PAFC, MCFC, SOFC, PCFC), described in the 3 associated articles, also have a number of advantages for similar applications, while the Direct methanol oxidation batteries (DMFC) mainly target portable applications.
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