2024-02-23 10:28:55
The etiology of small vessel disease, which favors the occurrence of dementia, is poorly understood and the risk factors already identified, both vascular and early environmental – education, socio-economic level, etc. – only partially explain the abnormalities observed on imaging in the context of this disease. Researchers therefore wanted to evaluate the influence of exposure to other factors in the domestic or professional context likely to increase the risk of developing small vessel disease.
Methodology
The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a literature review published up to March 2023. This included all studies investigating the prevalence or risk of small vessel disease or dementia. vascular. The risks of domestic life as well as those linked to dangerous substances present in the workplace were included. The authors conducted a quantitative meta-analysis as well as a narrative review for data that might not be included.
In total, 85 publications were identified (comprising 47,743 people with an average age of 44.5 years). Of these, 52 might be used in the meta-analysis and 33 in the narrative review.
Levels of proof still limited
In the meta-analysis, the prevalence of the disease was high among the population with high exposure to carbon monoxide (81% [60-93]), with carbon disulfide (73 % [54-87]) and at a high altitude (49% [38-60 %]) in the professional context.
As part of the narrative review, two studies on long-term exposure to lead failed to identify a particular risk. A single study dedicated to pesticides seems to describe a higher individual risk for exposed people compared to control people. Four studies dedicated to exposure to various solvents seem to suggest a higher prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease in people exposed in industrial settings.
The included studies had limitations (case-control studies and insufficient sample sizes, lack of adjustment for confounding factors).
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#Vascular #dementia #risk #factors #identified
