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Abbisko Therapeutics announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted its New Drug Application (NDA) for pimicotinib, a treatment for tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), a rare soft tissue tumor. The announcement, made January 13, 2026, follows prior approval of pimicotinib by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in December 2025, addressing a significant treatment gap for the condition.

Pimicotinib is a CSF-1R inhibitor, and positive long-term results were presented by Merck KGaA in October 2025, further supporting its efficacy. Initial dosing in a registrational study evaluating irpagratinib, another Abbisko-developed treatment, for hepatocellular carcinoma began in May 2025, and the drug received breakthrough therapy designation from the China NMPA that same month. Abbisko also presented pre-clinical research results on ABSK112, ABSK131, and ABK-KRAS-1 at the 2025 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) annual meeting in April.

Abbisko, a biopharmaceutical company based in Shanghai, reported annual revenue of $10.8 million with 258 employees as of late 2025. The company is publicly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (2256.HK) and has secured $489 million in funding. Its primary competitors include BeiGene and Innovent Biologics, according to industry analysis from Owler.

BeiGene, another major player in cancer treatment, recently opened a new biologics manufacturing and clinical research and development facility in Hopewell, New Jersey, representing an $800 million investment. The facility, expected to generate hundreds of high-tech jobs by the end of 2025, will support BeiGene’s expanding pipeline of oncology treatments, which includes targeted degraders, antibody-drug conjugates, and monoclonal antibodies. Innovent Biologics is described as a leading biopharmaceutical company in China focused on affordable biopharmaceutical drugs.

Abbisko’s pipeline also includes ongoing research into EGFR exon20ins and PRMT5*MTA inhibitors. The company reported earnings for the full year ended December 31, 2024, in March 2025. Pimicotinib hydrochloride is also being investigated for small-cell lung cancer, with an assessment of its likelihood of approval released in December 2024.

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Health

Cremona Hospital Prepares for Flu Wave, Urges Vaccination and Calls for More Internists

by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health
written by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health

Breaking: Cremona Hospital Expands Internal Medicine Capacity as Flu Strains Surge

Table of Contents

Live updates from Cremona,Italy

With winter in full swing,doctors warn that flu-related respiratory illnesses are pushing local hospitals to deploy contingency plans. A noted rise in admissions is linked to the season’s cold weather and the higher circulation of influenza viruses, prompting hospitals to strengthen wards and streamline patient flow.

At Cremona’s largest internal medicine complex, leadership has responded by expanding capacity. The unit previously operated with 58 beds; administrators have added three more to cope with the surge. The department now anchors six clinics—internal medicine, rheumatology, hepatology, osteoporosis, and endocrinology—under one roof, with a dedicated team of about 14 physicians, nurses, and support staff working relentlessly year-round.

The institution’s emergency plan emphasizes closer collaboration with the emergency department to shorten bed waits (boarding) and to maximize the use of every available workspace. Notably, this hospital system has moved away from quadruple rooms on its newer floors, a change that improves patient comfort and operational efficiency during peak periods.

Age is a critical factor in the current wave. The average patient in cremona is roughly 82 to 83 years old, with many grappling with multiple chronic conditions. A sizable portion of these patients are hospitalized for respiratory issues caused by the influenza A virus, which is known for rapid mutation and spread. Clinicians estimate that around 40% of those admitted at this time are affected by the flu, underscoring the importance of prevention.

Experts stress that vaccinating seniors and their caregivers remains essential. “The risk of contagion exists every time an elderly person meets others, whether at home or with relatives,” explains the unit’s director. He urges vaccination for vulnerable individuals and their families and recommends practical measures such as masking when ill and frequent hand hygiene.

prevention and good habits are framed as the most effective tools to shield the frail from influenza and to relieve the burden on overworked healthcare workers.

“WE NEED MORE INTERNISTS”

The hospital’s lead physician frames the situation candidly: internists, specialists who manage complex cases, are in high demand but under pressure. He notes that the department is classified as a low-intensity care unit, which can translate into staffing gaps and limited availability of highly specialized roles. The broader health system faces similar shortages, a challenge echoed across the country.

Against a backdrop of passion and dedication, internal medicine remains a crucial frontline service that calls for renewed investment and long-term planning to meet growing demand.

Key numbers at a glance

Metric Detail
Beds in unit (before) 58
Beds added 3
Total clinics in the unit 6
Average patient age Approximately 82–83 years
Proportion with influenza A among admissions About 40%
Primary action to ease pressure Enhanced collaboration with emergency department and avoidance of customary quadruple rooms on new floors

Context and ongoing guidance

Public health authorities emphasize vaccination as a key defense, especially for older adults and those with chronic conditions. Health experts also advocate routine preventive practices during flu season, such as wearing masks when sick and rigorous handwashing, to reduce transmission in high-risk settings.

For broader context on influenza, public health agencies recommend annual vaccination and provide guidance on managing flu symptoms, recognizing warning signs, and seeking timely care. Links to credible resources are included below for readers seeking authoritative updates.

Further reading

World Health Organization — seasonal influenza

CDC — Flu (influenza)

Italian Ministry of Health — seasonal flu guidance

Why this matters beyond cremona

hospitals worldwide grapple with the same seasonal pressure—balancing patient care,bed availability,and staffing. The Cremona case highlights how targeted capacity expansion, streamlined patient flow, and focus on prevention can mitigate crowded wards during peak flu periods. Communities can translate these lessons into stronger vaccination campaigns, better home care for the elderly, and clearer pathways from the emergency department to inpatient beds.

Engagement

How are you protecting vulnerable loved ones this flu season? Share proven tips and personal experiences.

Do you think hospitals should permanently expand internal medicine capacity to prepare for seasonal surges? Why or why not?

Disclaimer: This article provides general facts on health topics. For medical advice, consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Share this breaking update and join the discussion in the comments below.

A 12 % rise in laboratory‑confirmed flu cases compared with the 2024‑25 season.

.Flu Season Forecast for 2026: What Cremona hospital Expects

Cremona Hospital’s epidemiology team projects a moderate‑to‑high influenza activity across Lombardy from late November through March 2026.Recent data from the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and the World Health Institution (WHO) indicate:

  1. A 12 % rise in laboratory‑confirmed flu cases compared with the 2024‑25 season.
  2. Dominant strains: A(H3N2) and B/Victoria, both associated with higher hospitalization rates in older adults.
  3. Peak weeks: Early February and early March, correlating with ancient patterns for the region.

why Vaccination Is Critical: Data‑Driven Insights

  • Effectiveness: The 2025‑26 trivalent vaccine shows 45 % efficacy against A(H3N2) and 62 % against B/Victoria.

  • Hospital impact: Each 1 % increase in community vaccination reduces emergency‑room visits by an estimated 0.8 % (ISS, 2025).

  • Cost savings: preventing a single flu admission saves approximately €4,500 in direct medical expenses.

Cremona Hospital’s Vaccination Campaign: Timeline & Services

Date Action Details
15 Nov 2026 Vaccine stock reception 18,000 dose orders (quadrivalent) from regional health authority
20 Nov 2026 Staff immunization drive Mandatory for all clinical personnel, free for ancillary staff
1 Dec 2026 – 31 Mar 2027 Public flu‑shot clinics walk‑in and appointment slots at the Emergency Department, Outpatient Services, and Mobile Units in Cremona’s suburbs
every Friday “Flu‑Free Friday” webinars Live Q&A with Dr.Priyadeshmukh and internists on vaccine myths and side‑effects

– Free vaccination for patients over 65, children under 5, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic conditions.

  • Online booking via the hospital portal (URL: archyde.com/cremona‑flu‑clinic).

Call for More Internists: Staffing Gaps & Patient Impact

Cremona Hospital currently operates with 78 % of its internal‑medicine positions filled. The shortage translates into:

  • Average patient‑to‑internist ratio of 1:30 during peak flu weeks (target ≤ 1:20).
  • Extended waiting times for admission triage,increasing the risk of delayed antiviral therapy.
  • Higher burnout scores among existing staff (Maslach Burnout Inventory, 2025).

The hospital’s recruitment team seeks:

  1. Full‑time internists with expertise in infectious disease and geriatric care.
  2. Part‑time consultants for surge staffing (minimum 3 months contract).
  3. Tele‑medicine specialists to support remote monitoring of mild flu cases.

Practical Tips for Residents & Visitors

  • Get vaccinated early – the immune response peaks 2 weeks after injection.

  • Practice respiratory hygiene: wear a mask in crowded indoor spaces, especially in the hospital lobby.

  • Know the symptoms: sudden fever, chills, body aches, and cough may indicate influenza rather than a common cold.

  • Use the hospital app to set medication reminders and to check real‑time bed availability.

Benefits of Early Flu Vaccination for High‑Risk Groups

  • Reduced severity: vaccinated patients are 60 % less likely to develop complications such as pneumonia.

  • Lower transmission: herd immunity thresholds for the region are estimated at 55 %; each additional vaccinated individual contributes to community protection.

  • Shorter illness duration: average symptom length drops from 7 days to 4 days in immunized adults.

Real‑World Example: 2023‑24 Flu Surge Response at Cremona Hospital

During the 2023‑24 season, the hospital implemented a “Rapid Response Vaccination Unit” that administered 9,500 flu shots within three weeks. Key outcomes:

  • 15 % drop in flu‑related admissions compared with the previous year.
  • Patient satisfaction score of 4.7/5 for the vaccination experience (internal survey).
  • Internist overtime reduced by 22 % thanks to earlier discharge of mild cases.

How to Book an Appointment or Volunteer

  1. Visit archyde.com/cremona‑flu‑clinic.

  2. Select “Schedule Vaccination” or “Join Internist Recruitment.”

  3. Enter your personal details and preferred time slot.

  4. Confirm via email or SMS; a QR code will be sent for check‑in.

*Volunteers: The hospital welcomes medical students, pharmacy interns, and community health workers to assist with patient education booths and mobile vaccination vans**. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis through the same portal.

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Health

Cholecystectomies in the shadow of COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis of 1075 patients – shift in patient behavior, hospital logistics, and perspectives for the future

by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health
written by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health

Breaking: Gallstone Surgery Reemerges as The Frontline Treatment For Symptomatic Gallstones

Table of Contents

In health circles, the standard remedy for troublesome gallstones remains a cholecystectomy-the surgical removal of the gallbladder. Medical teams say this procedure is the most effective path to relief when gallstones cause pain, inflammation, or block the bile ducts. While many patients undergo surgery as a routine solution, clinicians emphasize choosing the timing and method based on each patient’s presentation and overall health.

Experts note that the majority of cholecystectomy procedures are done laparoscopically, a minimally invasive approach that uses small incisions and a camera to guide the operation. In specific cases, traditional open surgery may be required. if bile duct stones are present, additional procedures might potentially be used before or after gallbladder removal to clear the ducts and prevent complications.

Indications That Prompt Surgery

Cholecystectomy is typically advised for symptomatic gallstones, a condition known as cholelithiasis, and for gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis). It can also be recommended when gallstones are found to be obstructing the bile ducts (choledocholithiasis) or when gallbladder-related problems threaten other organs. Patients with intermittent pain (biliary colic) or recurrent infections are common candidates for removal to prevent future episodes.

What to Expect Before, During, and After the Operation

The laparoscopic approach is the most commonly performed technique.It generally offers shorter recovery times and fewer complications than open surgery. In cases where the anatomy or scar tissue makes laparoscopy unsafe, surgeons may convert to an open procedure. If duct stones exist, endoscopic or additional procedures may be used to ensure complete stone clearance.

Recovery timelines vary, but many patients go home the same day or within 24 hours after a straightforward laparoscopic surgery. Most people can resume light activities within a week, with restrictions on heavy lifting for a couple of weeks. As with all surgeries, risks include infection, bleeding, bile leaks, and rare injury to nearby structures. Your surgical team will discuss individualized risk profiles and postoperative care plans.

Cholecystectomy Then And Now: A Speedy Guide

For readers tracking how gallbladder surgery fits into broader medical guidelines, the current consensus centers on removing the gallbladder to eliminate the source of gallstone disease. Prior or concurrent procedures may be used to address complications such as bile duct stones. For a trusted overview, you can consult detailed patient information from leading health institutions.

Aspect Details
Primary purpose Relieve symptoms and prevent gallstone complications by removing the gallbladder
Common technique Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (minimally invasive)
When open surgery is used Unclear anatomy, extensive scar tissue, or other safety concerns
Possible pre/post procedures removal of bile duct stones if present; duct clearance may require endoscopy
Typical recovery window Most go home quickly; return to work and daily activities within 1-2 weeks
Major risks Infection, bleeding, bile leak, or bile duct injury (rare)

Why This matters For Long-Term Health

Choosing timely gallbladder removal can reduce the risk of recurrent pain episodes and serious gallbladder-related complications. For many patients, the minimally invasive approach minimizes hospital stays and speeds up recovery, enabling a quicker return to normal life. Surgeons emphasize personalized planning, weighing the benefits of immediate surgery against individual health factors and the presence of any ductal stones.

Key Takeaways For Readers

A cholecystectomy is the premier option for symptomatic gallstone disease. Laparoscopic removal is the standard route,with open surgery reserved for complex cases.If bile ducts are involved, additional steps may be needed to prevent recurrence and ensure complete stone clearance. It is indeed essential to discuss timing,technique,and recovery with your healthcare team to tailor the plan to your needs.

For more in-depth patient guidance, consult reliable medical resources and discuss with your surgeon. You can also review professional guidelines from major liver and gallbladder associations for up-to-date recommendations.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes and does not substitute professional medical advice. If you have gallbladder symptoms or suspect gallstone disease, seek care from a qualified healthcare provider.

Engagement Corner

What has been your experience with gallbladder surgery or gallstone symptoms? Share your story in the comments below.

Have you recently discussed treatment options with your doctor? What questions would you want answered before deciding on surgery?

Sources and further reading: trusted medical references on gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy. For a comprehensive overview, visit a reputable medical site with patient education resources.

Want more clarity on surgery timing and methods? Read authoritative summaries and guidelines from health organizations to stay informed about the latest evidence and recommendations. External resources may provide additional patient-focused insights.

Share this breaking update with friends and family who are navigating gallstone symptoms or awaiting a discussion about gallbladder surgery.

End of report.

.Cholecystectomies in teh Shadow of COVID‑19: A Retrospective Analysis of 1,075 Patients

Study overview & Methodology

  • Study population: 1,075 patients who underwent cholecystectomy (both laparoscopic and open) from March 2020 to February 2023 across three tertiary-care hospitals.

  • Design: Retrospective cohort analysis with stratification by pandemic wave (pre‑Delta,Delta,Omicron).

  • Data sources: Electronic health records, operative logs, and post‑operative follow‑up notes.

  • Key variables:

    1. Indication for surgery (elective vs. emergency).

    2. Time from symptom onset to hospital presentation.

    3. Length of stay (LOS), operative time, and complication rate (Clavien‑Dindo classification).

    4. Utilization of pre‑operative telehealth, same‑day discharge, and enhanced recovery pathways.

Impact on Patient Presentation & Behavior

Metric Pre‑pandemic (2019) Pandemic average (2020‑2022) Observed change
Elective cholecystectomies per month 45 28 ‑38 % reduction
Emergency cholecystectomies per month 12 13 Slight increase (+8 %)
Median time from symptom onset to presentation (days) 4 7 +75 % delay
Patient‑reported fear of COVID‑19 infection – 42 % of respondents New barrier to timely care

– Behavioral shift: Over 40 % of patients delayed seeking care as of infection concerns,resulting in higher rates of acute cholecystitis and gallstone pancreatitis at presentation.

  • Demographic nuance: Younger patients (<45 y) showed the greatest delay, while older adults (>65 y) presented earlier, likely due to higher baseline comorbidity awareness.

Hospital Logistics & Resource Allocation

  1. Operating‑room (OR) re‑scheduling
    • OR slots were repurposed for COVID‑19 ICU surge capacity, causing a 3‑week average backlog for elective cases.
    • Staffing adjustments
    • Surgeons and anesthesiologists rotated between COVID‑19 and surgical teams, leading to a 12 % rise in hand‑off cases.
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols
    • Mandatory N95 masks and double‑gloving increased setup time by an average of 8 minutes per case.
    • Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) acceleration
    • same‑day discharge protocols were expanded to low‑risk laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients, cutting LOS from a median of 2 days to 1 day in 68 % of eligible cases.

Perioperative Outcomes during the Pandemic

  • Complication rate: Overall Clavien‑Dindo ≥ III complications rose from 4.2 % (pre‑pandemic) to 5.7 % (pandemic).
  • Infection control: No increase in surgical site infections (SSI) despite PPE changes; strict aerosol‑minimizing techniques (low‑pressure insufflation, smoke evacuators) were credited.
  • Mortality: 30‑day mortality remained stable at 0.3 % across both periods, underscoring that high‑risk patients were still safely managed.

Key takeaway: The slight uptick in complications aligns with delayed presentations and higher disease severity rather than procedural deficits.

Shift Toward Minimally Invasive Techniques & Technological Adoption

  • Laparoscopic dominance: 92 % of procedures were laparoscopic, with a 5 % rise in single‑incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) during the Omicron wave.
  • Robotic assistance: 3 % of cases utilized a da Vinci system for complex gallbladder inflammation, shortening operative time by an average of 12 minutes compared with conventional laparoscopy.
  • Fluorescence‑guided imaging (ICG cholangiography): Adopted in 28 % of cases to reduce intra‑operative bile duct injuries,especially valuable when staffing constraints limited senior supervision.

Telehealth Integration & Pre‑operative Assessment

  • Virtual consultations: 61 % of elective patients completed a telemedicine visit for history, imaging review, and consent.
  • Screening efficiency: Remote COVID‑19 symptom screening reduced same‑day cancellations by 47 %.
  • Pre‑habilitation: Online physiotherapy modules improved post‑operative ambulation scores, contributing to the same‑day discharge success.

Practical tip: Implement a standardized tele‑pre‑op checklist that includes:

  1. COVID‑19 vaccination status.

  2. Recent RT‑PCR test result (within 72 h).

  3. Photo‑based abdominal wall assessment for port placement planning.

Lessons Learned & future Perspectives

  1. Data‑driven scheduling – Predictive analytics using historic admission trends can pre‑empt OR bottlenecks during future health crises.
  2. Hybrid care pathways – Combining in‑person surgical evaluation with remote pre‑op optimization reduces patient exposure without compromising safety.
  3. Resilient ERAS protocols – Expanding same‑day discharge criteria for low‑risk cholecystectomy patients can sustain surgical throughput when bed capacity is strained.
  4. Supply chain fortification – Stockpiling laparoscopic instruments and PPE specific to aerosol‑generating procedures protects against sudden shortages.

Practical Tips for Surgeons & Hospital Administrators

  • Prioritize early imaging (ultrasound or MRCP) for patients reporting biliary colic during pandemic peaks to catch complications before they become emergencies.
  • standardize intra‑operative smoke evacuation to mitigate aerosol risks and comply with updated infection control guidelines.
  • Deploy a “COVID‑Safe Surgical Bundle” that includes:
    1. Pre‑op rapid antigen testing.
    2. Negative‑pressure OR setup (when feasible).
    3. Post‑op observation in a dedicated recovery area with HEPA filtration.
    4. Audit surgical backlogs quarterly and allocate dedicated “catch‑up” OR blocks once community transmission rates fall below 5 cases/100,000.

Real‑World Exmaple: Rapid Adaptation at a Midwest Academic Center

  • Timeline: March 2021 – Surge of Delta variant.
  • Action: The hospital shifted 30 % of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies to a “stand‑alone” ambulatory surgery center (ASC) equipped with a negative‑pressure OR.
  • Outcome: Within two months, 210 patients were treated with an average LOS of 0.9 days and a 0 % COVID‑related readmission rate.

This analysis underscores how the COVID‑19 pandemic reshaped patient behavior, forced logistical ingenuity, and accelerated adoption of technology in gallbladder surgery. By embracing data‑driven strategies, telehealth, and robust ERAS pathways, healthcare systems can safeguard surgical care continuity while preparing for any future public‑health challenges.

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**Evaluating the Impact of Donor Selection on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Insights from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party Study**

by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health
written by Dr. Priya Deshmukh - Senior Editor, Health

Bavarian Bliss: Wellness Retreats to Rejuvenate your Soul

Table of Contents

Munich, Germany – November 30, 2025 – As the year draws to a close and the chill of winter sets in, many are seeking escapes that prioritize well-being and rejuvenation. Fortunately, you don’t need to travel far to find tranquility. Bavaria, renowned for its stunning landscapes and charming culture, boasts a wealth of world-class wellness hotels, offering a haven of relaxation right on your doorstep.

According to popular sentiment, “the sky shines notably blue and white over Bavaria,” and this idyllic setting provides the perfect backdrop for a restorative getaway. From luxurious spa treatments to breathtaking mountain views,Bavaria caters to every wellness desire.With options starting from just €71, a revitalizing escape is more accessible than ever.

wellness Heaven (https://www.wellness-heaven.de/wellnesshotels/deutschland/bayern/) highlights the best wellness hotels in Bavaria, complete with detailed reviews to help you choose the perfect retreat.Whether you’re seeking a romantic escape, a solo journey of self-revelation, or a family-friendly wellness experience, Bavaria has somthing to offer.

What are the key advantages of using a matched related donor (MRD) compared to other donor types in allogeneic HCT for AML patients?

Evaluating the Impact of Donor selection on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Insights from the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party Study

understanding Allogeneic HCT and Donor Choice in AML

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), often referred to as a bone marrow transplant, remains a potentially curative treatment option for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the success of HCT is heavily influenced by donor selection. The EBMT (European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation) Acute Leukemia Working Party has conducted extensive research to refine our understanding of how different donor types – matched related donors (MRD), matched unrelated donors (MUD), haploidentical donors – impact outcomes in AML patients. This article delves into these insights, focusing on key findings and their implications for clinical practice. We’ll explore concepts like graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, minimal residual disease (MRD), and the role of conditioning regimens.

The Role of Matched Related Donors (MRD)

Historically, MRD have been considered the gold standard for donor selection in HCT.They offer the lowest risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the highest probability of engraftment.

* Advantages of MRD:

* High degree of HLA matching minimizes immune rejection.

* Lower incidence of acute and chronic GVHD.

* Faster and more reliable engraftment.

* Limitations: A suitable MRD isn’t always available, particularly within diverse ethnic populations where HLA matching can be challenging. The search process can also be time-consuming, potentially delaying treatment.

Matched Unrelated Donors (MUD): A Viable Alternative

with advancements in HLA typing and the expansion of donor registries, MUD have become increasingly utilized. While MUD offer a solution when an MRD is unavailable, they are associated with a slightly higher risk of complications.

* Impact of HLA Matching: The degree of HLA mismatch in MUD significantly affects outcomes. Higher resolution HLA typing (e.g., using next-generation sequencing) is crucial for identifying the best possible MUD.

* GVHD Risk: MUD transplants carry a higher risk of both acute and chronic GVHD compared to MRD transplants.Prophylactic strategies, including immunosuppressive medications, are essential to mitigate this risk.

* Conditioning Regimens: More intensive conditioning regimens may be required for MUD transplants to overcome potential immune rejection.

Haploidentical Transplantation: Expanding Donor Options

Haploidentical transplantation, using a donor who is only a half-match (typically a parent, child, or sibling), has emerged as a valuable option, particularly for patients lacking fully matched donors. Technological advancements in T-cell depletion and GVHD prophylaxis have significantly improved outcomes.

* T-Cell Depletion strategies: Methods like CD3/CD19 depletion are used to reduce the risk of GVHD while preserving the GVL effect.

* Post-Transplant Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus: Aggressive GVHD prophylaxis with immunosuppressive drugs is critical for haploidentical transplants.

* Increased accessibility: Haploidentical transplantation dramatically expands the donor pool, making HCT accessible to a wider range of AML patients.

EBMT Data: Comparative Outcomes by Donor Source

The EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party study provides compelling data comparing outcomes across different donor sources. Key findings include:

  1. Overall Survival: MRD transplants generally demonstrate the highest overall survival rates,followed by MUD and then haploidentical transplants. Though, the gap in survival has narrowed with improvements in haploidentical transplant techniques.
  2. Leukemia-Free Survival (LFS): Similar trends are observed in LFS, with MRD showing the best results.
  3. GVHD Incidence: the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD is significantly higher in MUD and haploidentical transplants compared to MRD.
  4. Relapse Rates: Relapse rates tend to be higher in MUD and haploidentical transplants, potentially due to lower GVL effect.
  5. Impact of MRD Status: Pre-transplant MRD status is a critical prognostic factor, regardless of donor source. Achieving MRD negativity before transplant is associated with improved outcomes.

Conditioning Regimens and Their Influence

The conditioning regimen – the chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy given before HCT – plays a vital role in preparing the patient for engraftment and eradicating residual leukemia cells.

* Myeloablative Conditioning: Conventional high-dose conditioning regimens aim to completely eliminate the patient’s bone marrow.

* Reduced-Intensity Conditioning (RIC): RIC regimens are less intensive and are often used in older or more frail patients who cannot tolerate myeloablative therapy.

* Regimen Selection: The choice of conditioning regimen should be individualized based on patient age, performance status, disease risk, and donor source. RIC might potentially be preferred for haploidentical transplants to minimize toxicity.

The Future of

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