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Turkish Airlines: Boeing Fleet Expands to 225 Planes

by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy
written by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy

Turkish Airlines’ Boeing Order Signals a Shift in Geopolitics and Aviation Strategy

A $34 billion bet on American-made aircraft – that’s the scale of Turkish Airlines’ recent order for 225 Boeing planes. This isn’t just a commercial transaction; it’s a potent signal of thawing relations between the US and Turkey, arriving just days after President Erdogan’s first White House visit since 2019. But beyond the diplomatic implications, this move reveals a broader trend: airlines are strategically diversifying their fleets, and Boeing is fighting to regain lost ground.

The Geopolitical Weight of a Plane Order

For years, Turkey and the US have navigated a complex relationship, marked by disagreements over Syria, the purchase of Russian S-400 missile systems, and other geopolitical flashpoints. President Biden notably kept Erdogan at arm’s length. The shift in tone, culminating in this high-profile Boeing deal, suggests a recalibration of US foreign policy. The timing is no coincidence. This order provides a significant economic boost to Boeing and, crucially, demonstrates a renewed commitment to strengthening ties with a key NATO ally. It’s a clear example of how commercial interests are increasingly intertwined with international diplomacy.

Boeing’s Comeback and the Airbus Challenge

Boeing has faced significant headwinds in recent years, stemming from the 737 MAX crisis and supply chain disruptions. This order – encompassing 150 737-8/10 MAX aircraft and 75 wide-body 787 Dreamliners – is a vital win for the American manufacturer. However, it’s happening against the backdrop of fierce competition from Airbus. Just last December, Turkish Airlines announced an even larger order of 355 Airbus planes. The airline is clearly hedging its bets, aiming for a modern, fuel-efficient fleet, but the Boeing deal demonstrates that Airbus doesn’t have a monopoly on future growth.

Fleet Renewal: The Drive for Efficiency and Sustainability

Turkish Airlines’ stated goal of operating an all-new-generation fleet by 2035 is a key driver behind these massive orders. Newer aircraft like the 787 and 737 MAX offer significant fuel savings – a critical factor given rising fuel costs and increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions. The airline anticipates an average annual growth rate of 6%, and a modern fleet is essential to support that expansion efficiently. This trend towards fleet renewal is sweeping the industry, as airlines prioritize operational efficiency and sustainability.

Engine Deals and Supply Chain Considerations

The Boeing order isn’t just about the planes themselves. Turkish Airlines is also in negotiations with Rolls-Royce and GE Aerospace for engines, spare parts, and maintenance services. This highlights the importance of a robust and reliable supply chain in the aviation industry. The ability to secure long-term engine support is crucial for ensuring the smooth operation of a growing fleet. Recent supply chain bottlenecks have underscored the vulnerability of airlines to disruptions, making these negotiations all the more critical.

The Rise of Turkish Airlines as a Global Hub

Turkish Airlines has rapidly expanded its network in recent years, becoming a major player in connecting East and West. Istanbul’s strategic location makes it an ideal hub for flights between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. This ambitious growth strategy requires a substantial investment in new aircraft and infrastructure. The Boeing and Airbus orders are integral to realizing this vision, positioning Turkish Airlines as a dominant force in the global aviation landscape.

The Turkish Airlines order is a multifaceted story – a tale of geopolitical maneuvering, fierce industry competition, and the relentless pursuit of efficiency and growth. It underscores the interconnectedness of global politics, economics, and the future of air travel. What impact will this strategic shift have on other airlines and aircraft manufacturers? Only time will tell, but one thing is certain: the aviation industry is entering a period of significant transformation.

Explore more insights on global aviation trends in our Archyde.com industry analysis section.

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Economy

Regulating Foreign Investments in Switzerland: A Strategic Approach

by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy
written by Daniel Foster - Senior Editor, Economy

Swiss Parliament Building
The Swiss Parliament is debating new foreign investment controls.

Switzerland Advances Foreign Investment Controls Amidst National Security Concerns

Table of Contents

Bern, Switzerland – September 24, 2025 – Switzerland is poised to establish a new system for scrutinizing foreign investment in strategically significant domestic companies. The Council of States approved a government proposal on Wednesday with a vote of 27 to 11, despite reservations from its own committee. This decision marks a significant step towards greater oversight of foreign ownership in key sectors.

Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Industries

The proposed legislation focuses on reviewing acquisitions of Swiss firms operating in crucial areas such as military equipment, power generation, and healthcare. officials cite the need to safeguard national security and economic resilience. According to data from the World Investment Report 2024, approximately 80% of European Union and Organisation for Economic co-operation and Advancement (OECD) nations already have similar mechanisms in place to regulate foreign investment.

The impetus for this legislation originated with the Swiss Parliament, which initially requested the federal Council to develop a plan.While the National Council initially proposed a broader scope for the controls, encompassing both state-owned and privately held foreign entities, the Council of States ultimately limited the scope to state-backed foreign companies.

What’s Next for the Legislation?

The bill will now return to the National Council for further consideration. Disagreements between the two chambers regarding the breadth of the investment controls suggest potential revisions before a final version is enacted.This back-and-forth underscores the sensitivity surrounding the balance between attracting foreign capital and protecting national interests.

Did You No? Switzerland’s unique political system, characterized by direct democracy and federalism, often leads to lengthy legislative processes as different interests are negotiated.

Feature Current Situation Proposed Change
Foreign Investment Control limited Expanded to include review of acquisitions in critical sectors
Scope of Control None Initially proposed for both state and private foreign entities; currently limited to state-backed entities.
EU/OECD Comparison Below Average Moving towards alignment with the 80% of EU/OECD nations with similar systems

The Global Trend of Investment Screening

The move by Switzerland reflects a growing global trend towards increased scrutiny of foreign investment. Several factors are driving this phenomenon, including concerns about national security, critical infrastructure protection, and the potential for technology transfer to adversaries. In recent years, countries like the United States, Canada, and Australia have significantly strengthened their investment screening mechanisms. This heightened awareness is largely influenced by geopolitical tensions and the evolving nature of economic warfare.

As an example, the United States’ Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) has seen a ample increase in its caseload over the past decade. The European Union has also established a framework for coordinating investment screening among member states. The trend shows no sign of abating, with many countries expected to further refine their investment control regimes in the coming years.

Pro Tip: Businesses considering investing in or acquiring companies in Switzerland should be prepared for increased due diligence and potential delays as the new investment control system is implemented.

Frequently Asked Questions About Swiss Foreign Investment Control

  • What is the primary goal of the new investment control system? To safeguard Switzerland’s national security and economic interests by reviewing foreign acquisitions in critical sectors.
  • Which sectors will be subject to the review? Military equipment, electricity production, and hospitals are specifically mentioned as key areas of focus.
  • How does Switzerland’s approach compare to other nations? Approximately 80% of EU and OECD countries already have similar systems in place.
  • What happens if a foreign investment is blocked? The acquiring company might potentially be required to modify the investment proposal or abandon the acquisition altogether.
  • What is the current status of the legislation? The Council of States has approved the proposal, but it now returns to the National Council for further debate.

what impact do you think these new regulations will have on foreign investment in Switzerland? Do you believe the current scope of the controls is sufficient, or should it be broader?

Share your thoughts in the comments below, and be sure to share this article with your network.


What are the key differences between Switzerland’s approach to FDI screening and that of countries with a comprehensive, overarching FDI statute?

Regulating Foreign Investments in Switzerland: A Strategic Approach

The Swiss Framework for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Switzerland, renowned for it’s political stability, robust legal system, and skilled workforce, consistently ranks as a top destination for foreign investment. However, unlike many nations, Switzerland doesn’t have a comprehensive, overarching statute specifically governing FDI screening. Instead, regulation operates through a layered approach, balancing economic openness with national security and public policy concerns. this approach is currently under review, with potential changes on the horizon, especially influenced by EU regulations and evolving geopolitical landscapes. Understanding this framework is crucial for investors and businesses considering investing in Switzerland.

Key Regulatory Areas & Legislation

The regulation of foreign investment in Switzerland isn’t centralized. Several laws and regulations come into play, depending on the sector and nature of the investment.

* Federal Act on Cartels and Other Restraints of Trade (Cartel Act): This is arguably the most significant piece of legislation. It focuses on maintaining competition and preventing monopolies. The Competition Commission (WEKO) reviews mergers and acquisitions, including those involving foreign investors, to ensure they don’t unduly restrict competition. thresholds for mandatory notification are based on turnover and the value of the transaction.

* Federal Act on Foreign Trade (FTA): While primarily focused on trade agreements, this act provides a legal basis for implementing sanctions and export controls, which can indirectly impact foreign investment in specific sectors.

* Financial Market Infrastructure Act (FMIA) & Banking Law: These laws govern investments in the Swiss financial sector, imposing strict requirements on acquiring significant stakes in banks and other financial institutions. The Swiss financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) plays a key role in reviewing and approving such investments.

* Real Estate Acquisition by Foreigners Act (Lex Koller): This law regulates the acquisition of real estate in Switzerland by foreign nationals. it aims to protect Switzerland’s limited land resources and prevent speculation. Restrictions vary depending on the investor’s nationality and the type of property.

* Sector-Specific Regulations: Certain sectors, like defense, telecommunications, and critical infrastructure, are subject to additional scrutiny and may require government approval for foreign ownership.

The Ongoing Debate: Towards a More Formal FDI Screening Mechanism

For years, Switzerland has resisted calls for a general FDI screening mechanism, arguing that its existing regulatory framework is sufficient. However, increasing pressure from the EU, concerns about strategic assets falling into the hands of state-backed entities, and geopolitical risks have prompted a re-evaluation.

EU Influence and Alignment

The EU has implemented a framework for screening foreign direct investments that could affect security or public order. Switzerland, despite not being an EU member, maintains close economic ties with the bloc. The EU’s regulations have spurred debate within Switzerland about the need for a more formalized system to ensure reciprocity and protect strategic interests. The Swiss government is currently evaluating options for aligning its approach with EU standards.

National Security Concerns

The rise of state-backed investments and concerns about technology transfer have heightened national security anxieties. There’s growing recognition that a more proactive screening mechanism could help identify and mitigate risks associated with investments in critical infrastructure, sensitive technologies, and data.

Proposed changes & Potential impacts

Discussions are centered around several potential changes:

  1. Broadening the Scope of Review: Expanding the scope of review beyond mergers and acquisitions to include greenfield investments and acquisitions of minority stakes.
  2. Introducing a National Security Test: Implementing a specific test to assess whether an investment poses a threat to national security.
  3. Strengthening coordination: Improving coordination between different government agencies involved in reviewing foreign investments.
  4. Lowering Notification Thresholds: reducing the thresholds for mandatory notification to capture a wider range of transactions.

Navigating the Swiss Investment Landscape: Practical Considerations

Successfully navigating the Swiss regulatory environment requires careful planning and due diligence.

* Early Legal Counsel: Engage experienced legal counsel specializing in Swiss investment law early in the process.They can provide guidance on applicable regulations, notification requirements, and potential risks.

* Thorough Due Diligence: Conduct comprehensive due diligence on the target company, including its ownership structure, financial performance, and compliance history.

* Anticipate Regulatory Scrutiny: Be prepared for potential scrutiny from regulatory authorities, particularly in sensitive sectors.

* Openness and cooperation: Maintain transparency and cooperate fully with regulatory authorities throughout the review process.

* Understand Sector-Specific Rules: Familiarize yourself with any sector-specific regulations that may apply to your investment.For example,investments in Swiss banking are subject to stringent FINMA oversight.

Case study: The ChemChina-Syngenta Acquisition (2017)

The 2017 acquisition of Syngenta, a Swiss agrochemical company, by ChemChina, a Chinese state-owned enterprise, highlighted the complexities of foreign investment in Switzerland. While the deal was ultimately approved, it

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world

Super Typhoon Saola: 14 Dead in Taiwan, Hong Kong Next

by James Carter Senior News Editor
written by James Carter Senior News Editor

The Rising Tide of Super Typhoons: Forecasting a Future of Extreme Weather and Coastal Resilience

Imagine a world where coastal cities brace for annual super typhoons with the same routine as winter snowstorms. It’s not a dystopian fantasy, but a rapidly approaching reality. The recent devastation wrought by Super Typhoon Ragasa across Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the Philippines – leaving a trail of 14+ confirmed deaths, hundreds missing, and widespread infrastructure damage – isn’t an isolated incident. It’s a stark warning of a future increasingly defined by extreme weather events, fueled by a warming planet and demanding a radical rethink of coastal planning and disaster preparedness.

The Anatomy of a Super Typhoon: Ragasa and the New Normal

Super Typhoon Ragasa, with its torrential rains, ferocious winds, and record-breaking storm surges exceeding three meters in Hong Kong, exemplifies a disturbing trend. While typhoons are a seasonal occurrence in East and Southeast Asia, their intensity and frequency are demonstrably increasing. The breakage of the dike in Taiwan, leading to the loss of so many lives, highlights the vulnerability of aging infrastructure to these escalating threats. The impact wasn’t limited to direct damage; disruptions to transportation, power grids, and daily life across Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China underscore the cascading effects of these storms.

Scientists have long warned that warmer ocean temperatures provide more energy for these storms, leading to increased intensity and rainfall. A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirms this, projecting a continued rise in the frequency of Category 4 and 5 typhoons in the Western Pacific. This isn’t simply about stronger winds; it’s about the compounding effects of sea-level rise, which exacerbates storm surges and increases the reach of coastal flooding.

Beyond Immediate Response: Building Long-Term Coastal Resilience

The immediate response to Ragasa – emergency shelters, search and rescue operations, and infrastructure repairs – is crucial. However, relying solely on reactive measures is no longer sustainable. A proactive, long-term strategy focused on building coastal resilience is paramount. This requires a multi-faceted approach encompassing infrastructure upgrades, improved early warning systems, and, crucially, a fundamental shift in urban planning.

Investing in “Grey” and “Green” Infrastructure

“Grey” infrastructure – seawalls, levees, and reinforced buildings – remains a vital component of coastal defense. However, these hard engineering solutions often come with environmental drawbacks and can be costly to maintain. Increasingly, experts advocate for integrating “green” infrastructure – mangrove forests, restored wetlands, and coral reefs – which provide natural buffers against storm surges and erosion. Mangrove forests, for example, can reduce wave height by up to 66% and offer critical habitat for marine life. A hybrid approach, combining the strengths of both grey and green infrastructure, offers the most promising path forward.

Key Takeaway: Coastal resilience isn’t just about building higher walls; it’s about working *with* nature to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather.

The Power of Predictive Analytics and Early Warning Systems

Accurate and timely warnings are essential for minimizing casualties and damage. Advancements in meteorological modeling, coupled with real-time data from satellites, buoys, and radar systems, are improving the accuracy of typhoon forecasts. However, translating these forecasts into actionable information for the public remains a challenge. Effective communication strategies, utilizing mobile alerts, social media, and community outreach programs, are crucial for ensuring that vulnerable populations receive and understand warnings in time to evacuate or take protective measures.

Pro Tip: Familiarize yourself with your local emergency preparedness plans and sign up for alerts from your regional weather authorities. Don’t wait for a storm to approach to prepare.

Rethinking Coastal Urban Planning: Managed Retreat and Adaptive Design

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of building coastal resilience is addressing the issue of development in vulnerable areas. In many cases, the most effective long-term solution may involve “managed retreat” – strategically relocating communities away from high-risk zones. This is a politically sensitive issue, requiring careful planning, community engagement, and fair compensation for affected residents. For areas where retreat isn’t feasible, adaptive design principles – elevating buildings, using flood-resistant materials, and incorporating permeable pavements – can help minimize damage and enhance resilience.

The Economic Implications: A Looming Crisis for Coastal Economies

The economic costs of increasingly frequent and intense typhoons are staggering. Beyond the immediate damage to infrastructure and property, these storms disrupt supply chains, impact tourism, and strain government budgets. Macao’s casino industry, for example, suffered significant disruptions due to flooding, highlighting the vulnerability of key economic sectors. The long-term economic consequences of climate change-induced disasters could be devastating, particularly for developing nations in the Asia-Pacific region.

Expert Insight: “We are entering an era where climate risk is becoming a core financial risk. Investors and insurers are increasingly factoring in the potential impacts of extreme weather events when making decisions, which could lead to higher insurance premiums and reduced investment in vulnerable areas.” – Dr. Anya Sharma, Climate Risk Analyst, Global Resilience Institute.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the difference between a typhoon and a hurricane?

A: They are essentially the same type of storm – a tropical cyclone – but are called different names depending on where they occur. Hurricanes form over the Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern Pacific Ocean, while typhoons form over the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Q: How can individuals prepare for a super typhoon?

A: Prepare an emergency kit with food, water, medication, and a first-aid kit. Secure your home by boarding up windows and reinforcing doors. Stay informed about weather updates and follow evacuation orders if issued.

Q: Is climate change solely responsible for the increase in typhoon intensity?

A: While natural climate variability plays a role, the overwhelming scientific consensus is that human-caused climate change is exacerbating the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, including typhoons. Warmer ocean temperatures and rising sea levels are key contributing factors.

Q: What role does international cooperation play in addressing this challenge?

A: International cooperation is crucial for sharing data, providing financial assistance, and developing effective adaptation strategies. Developed nations have a responsibility to support vulnerable countries in building resilience to climate change.

The events surrounding Super Typhoon Ragasa serve as a critical wake-up call. The future of coastal communities hinges on our ability to move beyond reactive disaster response and embrace a proactive, long-term vision of resilience. Ignoring the escalating threat of extreme weather is not an option; the cost of inaction is simply too high. What steps will *you* take to prepare for the coming storms?



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world

Israeli Army Intercepts Projectile Launched from Gaza

by
written by

Intense Bombing Resumes in Gaza City as israel Intercepts Rocket Fire

Table of Contents

Gaza City/Jerusalem – Intense bombing raids resumed in Gaza City on Monday, almost a week after the Israeli army launched an offensive aimed at eliminating Hamas. Simultaneously, the Israeli military announced it had intercepted a rocket launched from the city, near the border with the Gaza Strip.

The renewed intensity of the fighting underscores the escalating conflict in the densely populated Palestinian territory. A Gaza resident, Saja al-Kharoubi, 26, described the situation in the al-Daraj district as “intense, with aircraft, tanks adn continuous drone strikes.”

The intercepted projectile targeted the Nahal Oz sector. While no group has yet claimed responsibility for the launch, this incident marks a concerning escalation of violence. This latest exchange builds upon the existing tensions that have tragically affected the region.

Understanding the Broader Conflict

The current military action is the latest iteration of a long-running conflict between Israel and Hamas,the militant group that controls Gaza. The stated goal of the Israeli offensive is to eliminate Hamas and establish control over the sector, but the impact on the civilian population is immense. The Gaza Strip,one of the most densely populated areas in the world,faces meaningful challenges in providing shelter and aid to those displaced by the fighting.

Did You Know? The Gaza Strip is approximately 140 square miles in size,but houses over two million people,making it one of the most densely populated areas on the planet.

The Rising Cost of Survival

The escalating military offensive throws into sharp relief the already precarious humanitarian situation in gaza. Recent reports released highlight the humanitarian cost of these conflicts. A July 2024 report by the UN found that approximately 80% of the population in Gaza are dependent on humanitarian aid. With ongoing conflict displacing families and damaging infrastructure, the need for assistance is continuing to grow.

Several factors contribute to this ongoing crisis:

Factor Details
Population Density High population in a limited area puts a strain on resources.
Restricted Access Blockades and border controls limit movement of people and goods.
Infrastructure Damage Ongoing conflict destroys essential services like water and electricity.

Looking ahead

The immediate future remains highly uncertain. The international community continues to call for de-escalation and a return to negotiations. however,achieving a lasting peaceful resolution remains a complex and challenging endeavor.

Potential Long-Term Impacts

* Regional Instability: A prolonged conflict could worsen regional tensions and embroil other actors.
* Humanitarian crisis: The ongoing violence will continue to exacerbate the humanitarian situation in Gaza.
* Reconstruction Challenges: Gaza will require considerable international aid to rebuild infrastructure and restore essential services.

A call to action is necessary from international governing bodies to come to a diplomatic solution that prioritizes civilian safety and the long-term stability of the region.

What is the meaning of the Iron Dome system’s high interception rate in mitigating the impact of rocket attacks from Gaza on civilian populations in Israel?

Israeli army Intercepts Projectile Launched from Gaza

Recent interception Details – September 22, 2025

Today, September 22, 2025, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) successfully intercepted a projectile launched from the Gaza Strip. Initial reports indicate the intercepted object was a rocket, though confirmation regarding the specific type – whether it was a Qassam rocket, grad missile, or another variant – is still pending. The interception occurred over southern Israel, preventing any direct impact on civilian areas. This event marks the latest in a series of escalating tensions between Israel and Hamas, the governing body of Gaza.

Iron Dome Defense System: A Closer look

The prosperous interception highlights the effectiveness of Israel’s Iron Dome missile defense system. Developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Iron Dome utilizes radar technology to detect, track, and intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells.

* How it Works: The system calculates the trajectory of incoming projectiles and determines if they pose a threat to populated areas. If a threat is identified, an interceptor missile is launched to destroy the projectile mid-air.

* Key Components:

  1. Radar Detection: ELM-2084 multi-mission radar.

  2. Battle Management Control (BMC): The “brain” of the system, making interception decisions.

  3. Interceptor Missiles: Tamir missiles designed to destroy incoming threats.

* Effectiveness Rate: While varying depending on the circumstances, iron Dome boasts a consistently high interception rate, often exceeding 90% in documented engagements. This significantly reduces the risk of casualties and property damage.

Timeline of Recent Gaza-Israel Conflicts & Projectile Launches

Understanding the current event requires context. Here’s a brief overview of recent activity:

* August 2024: A surge in incendiary balloon launches from Gaza led to multiple fires in southern Israel.

* January 2025: Several rockets were fired towards Israel, prompting retaliatory airstrikes.

* March – May 2025: Increased tensions surrounding the Al-aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem sparked a period of heightened violence, including rocket fire and airstrikes.

* September 2025 (present): A recent uptick in rocket launches, culminating in today’s intercepted projectile. This escalation follows reported clashes between Israeli forces and Palestinian militants in the West Bank.

Impact on Civilian Populations

The ongoing conflict and frequent projectile launches have a meaningful impact on the civilian populations in both Gaza and Israel.

* Gaza: Residents face ongoing economic hardship, limited access to essential resources, and the constant threat of military operations. The blockade imposed by Israel and Egypt restricts the movement of people and goods, exacerbating the humanitarian situation.

* Southern israel: Communities near the Gaza border live under the constant threat of rocket attacks. This leads to psychological distress, disruption of daily life, and economic losses. Many residents rely on bomb shelters and early warning systems for protection.

International Response & Diplomatic Efforts

The international community has consistently called for de-escalation and a peaceful resolution to the conflict.

* United Nations: The UN has repeatedly urged both sides to exercise restraint and adhere to international law.

* united States: The US has expressed its support for Israel’s right to defend itself while also emphasizing the importance of protecting civilians. The US also actively participates in diplomatic efforts to mediate a ceasefire.

* European Union: The EU has called for a two-state solution based on the 1967 borders, with Jerusalem as the capital of both Israel and Palestine.

* Egypt & Qatar: these countries have historically played a mediating role between Israel and Hamas, facilitating ceasefires and humanitarian aid deliveries.

Future Outlook & Potential Scenarios

The situation remains volatile, and several potential scenarios could unfold:

* Continued Escalation: Further rocket launches and retaliatory airstrikes could lead to a larger-scale military conflict.

* Ceasefire Agreement: Mediated negotiations could result in a ceasefire agreement,possibly involving concessions from both sides.

* Long-Term Solution: A lasting resolution requires addressing the underlying causes of the conflict, including the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, the blockade of Gaza, and the status of Jerusalem.

Keywords:

Israel, Gaza, IDF, Iron Dome, Rocket Attack, Hamas, Conflict, Middle East, Palestine, Interception, Missile Defense, Qassam Rocket, Grad Missile, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Ceasefire, Humanitarian Crisis, Diplomatic Efforts, Southern Israel, Gaza Strip, Israeli Army.

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