[이데일리 유진희 기자] Issues from the global pharmaceutical and bio industry were collected for a week (May 30th – June 5th). This week, research on type 2 diabetes took notice. New facts have been revealed regarding the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
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◇Whey protein intake before meals to improve blood sugar management
The Science Daily reported that a research team led by Dr Daniel West of the Diabetes Lab at the Center for Human Nutrition Research at the University of Newcastle, UK, published a study showing that consuming a small amount of whey protein before meals improves blood sugar control in diabetic patients.
The research team had 18 people with type 2 diabetes drink a drink (100 mL) containing 15 g of whey protein 10 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner for one week. I was told to take the diabetes medication I was taking on a regular basis.
For comparison, they were given a whey-free drink before meals for another week. At the same time, using a continuous blood glucose meter (CGMS), the changes in blood glucose were monitored daily.
As a result, there was a marked difference in blood sugar depending on whether or not whey protein was taken. During the week of drinking the whey protein drink, normal blood sugar levels were maintained by an average of two hours a day longer than during the week of not drinking the whey protein drink. In addition, the average daily blood sugar level dropped by 0.6 mmol/L (regarding 10.8 mg/dL).
The researchers found that whey protein stimulates a number of important hormones that keep sugar from rising rapidly. Whey protein, a clear liquid from the cheese-making process, is known to have effects such as satiety and weight control because it is digested and absorbed better than other proteins.
The results of this study were published in the latest issue of the British Medical Journal Open Diabetes Research & Care (BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care).
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◇Vitamin D, preventive effect of type 2 diabetes is not clear
Contrary to expectations, the results of large-scale clinical trials showed that vitamin D was not effective in preventing type 2 diabetes.
Healthday News reported that Professor Tetsuya Kawahara’s research team at Kitakyushu University of Industrial Medicine in Japan published the results of the clinical trial in the online edition of the British Medical Journal (BMJ).
All trial participants had impaired glucose tolerance with a high risk of diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance is a condition in which blood sugar is higher than normal, but not high enough to make a diagnosis of diabetes. They had an average age of 61 years (30-78 years), 46% were female, and 59% had a family history of type 2 diabetes. 43.6% had a vitamin D blood level of less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL), which was below the normal level.
The research team randomly divided them into two groups, and 630 people received a standard dose (0.75 μg) of eldecalcitol supplement, an active vitamin D, daily, and the remaining 626 people received a placebo. In addition, they were followed up for 3 years while checking the occurrence of diabetes once every 3 months.
According to these results, vitamin D had no clinically significant effect in preventing the onset of diabetes in adults with high diabetes risk. The diabetes diagnosis rate was 12.5% in the vitamin D group and 14% in the control group, and there was no significant difference. There was no significant difference in the rate at which blood sugar returned to normal levels in the vitamin D group (23%) and the control group (20%).
However, in the small group with insufficient insulin secretion, the effect of vitamin D in preventing diabetes was 59% higher. When all 11 confounding variables that might distort the results, such as age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and family history of diabetes, were taken into consideration, the effect of vitamin D in preventing diabetes was analyzed to be 39% higher.
Meanwhile, the research team said that it is not known whether the dose of active vitamin D selected in this clinical trial was appropriate enough to prevent diabetes, and whether the results might be applied to all other ethnic groups.
07:00 ص
Wednesday 01 June 2022
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Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem around the world, at a time when more links between this important vitamin and many chronic diseases are constantly being recognized and studied, but making up for the deficiency is not always an easy issue that can be solved by taking supplements or spending some time under Sunlight, according to a specialist doctor from the global health care system Cleveland Clinic.
The benefits of vitamin D to the human body are only recently recognized, said Dr. Susan Williams, MD, a physician in the Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, although the harmful effect of insufficient exposure to sunlight in childhood has not been hidden for centuries. Studies have increasingly linked vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of various chronic diseases, while other studies have proven a positive link between good levels of this vitamin and the optimal functioning of the immune and nervous systems.
Dr. Williams noted that foods rich in vitamin D provide only a small percentage of the recommended daily need for this vitamin, with the rest coming from the sun or supplements.
Causes of deficiency
Limited exposure to the sun, whether as a result of bad weather or the prevention of skin cancer, is a common cause of vitamin D deficiency, but there are other causes that include dark skin color, advanced age, obesity, gastric bypass surgery, and some digestive diseases, Which leads to malabsorption, and vitamin D deficiency can occur in infants as a result of restricting their feeding to breastfeeding and keeping them away from other sources of the vitamin.
The level of vitamin D in the body can be measured by a blood test, and there are two factors to consider if supplementation is necessary.
Two types of supplements
Dr. Williams explained that there are two types of vitamin D supplements; Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3. While both types raise vitamin D levels, recent studies have indicated that vitamin D3 has a stronger effect over time.
The way you take supplements is also important; Studies have indicated that supplementation is most effective when taken with a meal containing at least 15 grams of fat and taken with the largest daily meal will enhance absorption.
Vitamin D poisoning
The metabolic doctor stressed the need to adhere to the doses prescribed by the doctor of supplements, otherwise patients are at risk of vitamin D poisoning, noting that some patients may not respond to vitamin D supplements; Because they suffer from absorption problems, including those with Crohn’s disease, who have had bariatric surgery related to absorption, and those with digestive disorder, cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, short bowel disease, enteritis, and acute cholestasis.
The absorption problem can be confirmed by blood tests, by comparing the levels of vitamin D in a blood sample taken immediately before giving an oral dose of vitamin D, and the sample taken 12 to 24 hours following the dose. If malabsorption is confirmed, phototherapy, which includes accurate skin type identification and carefully considered exposure to ultraviolet B rays, can be used to increase vitamin levels.
Tanning bed warning
Dr. Williams cautioned patients once morest trying to increase their vitamin D levels by using a tanning bed or spending hours in the sun, describing these methods as “often not effective and risking skin damage and skin cancer.”
She added: “For the synthesis of vitamin D, we need ultraviolet B rays, but the percentage of this type in the ultraviolet rays found in sunlight does not exceed five percent.
Ultraviolet A rays are the largest or only light source used in tanning beds, and the dose of UV A rays in those beds can reach 12 times that of sunlight. Both types of rays, however, have a role In skin cancers, however, UVA rays are thought to damage the skin and increase the risk of cancer by causing DNA damage from oxidative stress, and type B damage is more direct in the light products implicated in skin carcinogenesis. .
Dr. Williams concluded that skin type and a person’s age affect the response to exposure to ultraviolet rays, but in general, exposing 5 percent of the body’s surface twice a week for 20 minutes in warm months is equivalent to getting 430 international units of vitamin D per day, Stressing the need to adhere to the maximum time, which is 20 minutes; Due to the dangers associated with increased exposure to sunlight.
Studies have found that taking vitamin D reduces mortality from cancer by 13 percent. In some countries, such as Finland, foods are fortified with vitamin D. Epidemiologists from the German Cancer Research Center have calculated that more than 100,000 cancer deaths in Europe might be avoided in this way.
Foods fortified with vitamin D can increase vitamin D levels to a similar extent as vitamin D supplements. According to studies, fortified foods currently prevent around 11,000 cancer deaths in the European Union and 27,000 in the 34 European countries considered.
Vitamin D is only added to food in a few countries, and according to experts this has great potential: “If all the countries we looked at were to fortify food with adequate amounts of vitamin D, around 130,000 or nine percent of all cancer deaths in Europe might be prevented according to our model calculations . That corresponds to a gain of almost 1.2 million years of life,” said Prof. Dr. Hermann Brenner, who published the results with his team in the “European Journal of Epidemiology”.
He believes that this opportunity should be better exploited in the future. The vitamin D level can also be increased naturally: by spending time outdoors, two to three times a week for around twelve minutes. The face, hands and parts of the arms and legs should be uncovered and without sun protection.
What: DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00867-4
It is already known from previous studies that vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Sport and exercise, on the other hand, support the immune system and counteract inflammation, which can also prevent cancer. In the current study, the Swiss researchers therefore examined how well a combination of these three measures protects once morest cancer. It was found that all three measures individually had a small protective effect, but in combination they worked much better and were able to reduce the risk of cancer in older adults by 61. The study results are published in the journal Frontiers in Aging.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in adults in Europe following cardiovascular disease. The risk of getting sick increases with age. As part of the three-year study, the scientists at the University Hospital Zurich therefore wanted to find out whether there were simple ways of reducing the personal risk of illness.
2,157 people from five European countries took part in the study. They were divided into eight groups to analyze the individual and combined effects of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and exercise. Only one group received 2,000 international units of vitamin D per day, 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids per day, and simple home exercise three days per week. The remaining participants received only one or two of the measures, one group was only treated with placebos.
Which: DOI 10.3389 / fragi.2022.852643