2023-07-25 08:19:59
[리버스 에이징 시대가 온다 #2] The secret of skin, ‘the body’s largest organ’
Enter 2023.07.24 18:30 Modify 2023.07.24 18:00 Hits 2,738 Enter 2023.07.24 18:30 Modify 2023.07.24 18:00 Hits 2,738
Skin is the largest organ in our body. The skin, which accounts for about 16% of the average person’s body weight, is the first place to visually signal aging. [사진=클립아트코리아]Skin is the largest organ in our body. The skin, which accounts for about 16% of the average person’s body weight, is at the forefront of aging. This is because it is the first place to visually signal aging. It is also the first and most researched institution on aging. So-called anti-aging (anti-aging) cosmetics, nutrients, and cosmetic procedures to prevent wrinkles, blemishes, and loss of elasticity have developed rapidly along with technological advances.
However, as aging research has recently progressed in earnest, interest in ‘reverse aging’, which actively turns back time, is rising beyond ‘anti-aging’, which in the past was merely passively delaying aging. So is the skin. Factors that were generally used to measure the degree of skin aging, such as wrinkles and skin elasticity, can actually be called ‘the result of skin aging’.
The treatment so far has been a response method (anti-aging) to compensate for the result of skin aging when it appears. However, now, the possibility of preventing aging from the cellular level and going against time (reverse aging) is gradually opening up before the changes of skin aging are visible.
Is the ‘collagen’ in your skin young?
The key substance related to skin aging is called ‘collagen’. Just as the length of ‘telomeres’ located at the ends of DNA chromosomes is taken as a scientific criterion for measuring the degree of aging, it can be seen as a single criterion for skin aging. Dermatologists say that if you look at skin tissue under a microscope, you can guess a person’s approximate age just by looking at the collagen in the skin, even without accurate personal information. This is because the amount and quality of collagen deteriorates as skin cell damage occurs due to aging. Normally, the number of collagen in the skin is known to decrease by 1% per year.
Collagen is most of the components that make up the skin cells of the dermal layer, which come out deeper from the skin surface (epidermis). It constitutes skin cells and fills the gap between cells. As the amount of collagen decreases with aging, the thickness of the skin becomes thinner and the shape of the skin cells becomes noticeably blurry. When the thickness of the skin becomes thin, fine wrinkles occur and the skin elasticity decreases. At the same time, the skin barrier collapses and inflammatory cells increase, so skin diseases caused by aging, including dryness, often appear.
A skin tissue sample viewed under a microscope. The skin thickness is thicker when there is no photodamage or aging, and there are differences in the collagen density of the endothelium and the shape and size of skin cells. The color also changes from reddish to purple and gray. [자료=The American Journal of Pathology]Until now, it is still a long way for our body to regenerate collagen in the skin on its own. Existing skin procedures, such as botox, filler, laser, and lifting, are a method of responding to changes caused by collagen reduction, that is, skin aging with procedures. These procedures are close to ‘anti-aging’ if classified. Even for the skin, ‘reverse aging’, which fundamentally prevents aging or reverses the power of time, is not easy.
In this regard, Director Kim Tae-rim (dermatologist) of Hana Otolaryngology Hospital-affiliated H Reverse Aging Center predicted that future skin aging responses will focus on fundamental internal changes beyond external treatments.
It is explained that the skin reverse aging procedure will aim to increase the number of collagen from the inside of the body, i.e. at the cellular level. This is because anti-aging methods such as getting Botox to look younger on the outside or ‘supplementing’ by injecting collagen into the skin from the outside cannot be a fundamental solution.
The skin is also anti-aging beyond anti-aging… ‘Collagen regeneration’ is the key
Recently, studies that help reverse aging of the body, including the skin, are being actively conducted. Bioengineering technology such as stem cell and gene editing treatment, drug therapy to remove aging cells (senolytics), skin cell regeneration using nanotechnology, young blood transfusion (plasma exchange), and fecal transplantation are under research. Diet control, such as intermittent fasting, and lifestyle correction therapies such as exercise, smoking cessation, and sobriety are also discussed.
Among these, one of the most popular treatments is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). This is because compared to other procedures, there are relatively few side effects and the procedure is highly accessible and convenient.
Above all, after researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel first discovered the possibility of reverse aging treatment of HBOT, which had been used to treat diseases such as diving sickness, hypotension, and carbon monoxide in the past, related research has continued. Several studies report that HBOT induces a wide range of anti-aging effects from the cell unit to the whole body, such as inhibition of telomere shortening and promotion of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Some clinical studies are also underway, centering on Israeli and Chinese researchers.
The basic principle is the observation result that when a large amount of oxygen is supplied by raising the oxygen concentration in the blood to an appropriate level, cell regeneration becomes active and helps to recover from aging and damage.
This changes the conventional wisdom that exposure to oxygen accelerates cell damage and aging. Oxygen mentioned here refers precisely to ‘active oxygen’. Active oxygen is a metabolic residue that has become unstable without completely burning (oxidizing) oxygen that has entered the body through respiration. Normally, 2-3% of the oxygen entering the body through respiration turns into active oxygen.
When active oxygen is at an appropriate level, it helps the body’s immune system to attack viruses, bacteria, and some cancer cells that have invaded the body. However, when active oxygen increases abnormally due to stress, excessive drinking, smoking, and overeating, it begins to attack our body.
Active oxygen reacts with cell molecules, destroys cell structure, and accelerates various damages and aging. Not only does it cause diseases such as diabetes and cancer by lowering the body’s immunity, but it also causes degenerative diseases such as arthritis and cataracts by causing damage to the genetic unit and reducing the ability of cells to regenerate. To prevent this, we eat foods or drugs that contain antioxidants.
Conceptual diagram of major mechanisms related to the reverse aging potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) [자료=Redox Biology]Recently, an Israeli research team summarized the mechanism by which HBOT brings about the anti-aging effect as △vascular regeneration △stimulation of stem cells to promote proliferation and differentiation △promotion of anti-inflammatory action by regulating the number of immune cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes and immune substance production activities △strengthening of antioxidant defenses by regulating mitochondrial function △interfering with re-entry of the cell aging cycle (inhibiting telomere shortening).
This is the result of a study in which 35 elderly people aged 64 years or older were treated with HBOT (oxygen supply at 2 bar pressure and 100% concentration for 90 minutes each time) for a total of 60 times, 5 times a week. In the blood gene test, it was verified that 1342 genes and 570 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, and it was also confirmed that they help improve aging at the genetic level.
HBOT is known to have an effect of regenerating damaged skin. This is because the skin is particularly susceptible to ischemic damage because it is composed of peripheral capillaries. In the process of treating diabetic foot and radiation necrosis, after confirming the regenerative effect of scars and damaged skin, attempts are being made to apply it to reverse skin aging.
It is known that HBOT’s skin reverse aging effect is effective in recovering skin damage caused by extrinsic as well as intrinsic factors. Manager Kim Tae-rim believes that HBOT treatment will also help skin regeneration at this point.
“HBOT facilitates blood circulation through blood vessel regeneration and at the same time increases the supply of oxygen. Because of this, it can supply more than 15 times more oxygen into the blood than normal. Oxygen has a profound effect on energy regeneration in our body, so it can be said to result in increased metabolic function and promote cell-level regeneration.”
Levels of skin damage (upper and lower left) in males aged 64 years or older who participated in a clinical trial by an Israeli research team. After a total of 60 hyperbaric oxygen treatments for 3 months, skin elastic cells and collagen density were improved (top and bottom right). [자료=Aging]The first step in reverse aging of the skin… Anti-aging + lifestyle are also important
Of course, it is also necessary to correct lifestyle habits. As there are many factors that affect human aging, the way to slow aging is more effective when it is in harmony. Manager Kim emphasizes that along with the use of HBOT, the existing anti-aging treatment and lifestyle correction should be performed simultaneously.
“Various reverse aging techniques are confirming reverse aging effects that have not been seen in previous medical interventions, but more research on reverse aging is still needed. This is because it is necessary to identify the aging principle of the human body and sufficiently confirm the safety and clinical effects of various technologies.
HBOT is not yet a miracle solution that cures all diseases and diseases and rejuvenates people in their 50s and 60s to those in their 20s. However, I think it can be an auxiliary treatment method that relieves inflammation and helps cell regeneration.”
For example, Kim points out that no matter how much collagen and skin cells in the skin are regenerated by anti-aging procedures such as HBOT, conventional anti-aging skin procedures may be necessary. This is because problems such as ‘skin sagging’, which are physically experienced due to the earth’s gravity, cannot be completely solved. Aging diseases such as age spots, which are damage caused by existing skin aging, cannot be reversed with reverse aging procedures alone.
In addition, it is also necessary to correct lifestyle habits that delay the speed of skin aging. Factors that greatly affect skin aging in everyday life include smoking, exposure to ultraviolet rays, and skin diseases accompanied by inflammation. Therefore, Manager Kim recommended measures such as △no smoking, △applying sunscreen every 2 hours during outdoor activities, △using cosmetics suitable for skin type to prevent allergic and contact dermatitis.
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