2023-12-25 14:42:00
The time at which we eat could influence our risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
Foto: Pexels
Researchers from the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) have revealed that the time we eat could influence our risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
This study, carried out on a sample of more than 100,000 people from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, who were followed between 2009 and 2022, suggests that eating the first or last meal late is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
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It also appears that a longer overnight fast is associated with a lower risk of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. The results, published in Nature Communications, indicate the importance of the timing and rhythm of daily meals in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
These ailments are the main cause of death in the world according to the study Global Burden of Disease, with 18.6 million deaths annually in 2019, of which around 7.9 are attributable to diet. This means that diet plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of these diseases. The modern lifestyle of Western societies has given rise to specific eating habits, such as eating late dinners or skipping breakfast.
What the study found
In addition to light, the daily cycle of food intake (meals, snacks, etc.) alternating with periods of fasting synchronizes the peripheral clocks, or circadian rhythms, of the different organs of the body, thus influencing cardiometabolic functions such as the regulation of blood pressure. Chrononutrition is emerging as an important new field for understanding the relationship between the timing of food intake, circadian rhythms, and health.
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The scientific team used data from 103,389 participants in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (79% of whom were women, with a mean age of 42 years) to study associations between food intake patterns and cardiovascular diseases. To reduce the risk of possible bias, they took into account a large number of confounding factors, especially sociodemographic (age, sex, family situation, etc.), nutritional quality of diet, lifestyle and sleep cycle.
The results show that eating your first meal later in the day (such as skipping breakfast) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with a 6% increase in risk per hour of delay. For example, a person who eats for the first time at 9 in the morning is 6% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than someone who eats at 8.
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As for dinner, eating late (after 9 p.m.) is associated with a 28% increased risk of suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, compared to eating before 8 p.m., especially in the women. Finally, a longer duration of overnight fasting – the time between the last meal of the day and the first meal of the next day – is associated with a lower risk of cerebrovascular disease, which supports the idea of eating the first and last meals of the earlier day.
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