Atmosphere plays an important role in shaping and controlling climate. We call the movement of air from one place to another as wind. We are familiar with the lowest winds, the strongest winds, and storms. In this way, the movement of wind on the earth’s surface is controlled by changes in air pressure. Science says that solar heat is what causes the air pressure fluctuations on the earth’s surface.
There are changes in air pressure during the day and night on land and sea surface.
//A pressure system is an area of the Earth’s atmosphere that has a particularly high or low pressure compared to the surrounding air. We live at the bottom of the atmosphere, and the weight of all the air above us is known as air pressure. Pressure varies from day to day at the Earth’s surface because the earth is not equally heated by the sun. Areas that consist of warm air have low pressure because the warm air rises. These areas are known as low-pressure systems. Likewise, places with high air pressure are known as high-pressure systems.
Air always flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas to reduce pressure difference and reach equilibrium. The rotation of the earth generates a force known as the Coriolis effect which stops the air from moving in straight lines. Rather the wind moves spirally: inwards and upwards in low-pressure systems, downwards and outwards in high-pressure systems.\\
During my school days, I used to watch with great interest the dust and rubbish of the wide playground moving in a circle and rising to the top. Sometimes two or three such vortices used to form like a red pillar. It was only after a long time that it was known that such winds occur over the water bodies and that their major changes are what are known as Cyclones, and that their names and behavior change in different parts of the world.
As the air in a particular part moves upwards as heat, it becomes wind from the surrounding area, but according to the theory of motion, wind is created, but further investigations were to clarify the doubt as to how the solar radiation was concentrated to capture the heat in that particular part only.
//In the southern hemisphere these tropical storms are called cyclones and rotate in a clockwise direction, while in the northern hemisphere cyclones are called hurricanes or typhoons and rotate in an anti-clockwise direction.\\
The modern scientific community has allowed certain characteristics (freedoms) to atmospheric phenomena in order to confine them to basic definitions. It is doubtful how much the general public can understand it. The “Coriolis” theory asserts that the curvature of air movement is caused by the rotation of the spherical Earth – that air moving in a straight line is tilted at the speed of the Earth’s rotation. It is incomprehensible to common sense that the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite each other by up to 30° and opposite by up to 60° on the same Earth. Science also mentions a special chamber (like a tent) that forms in the atmosphere to support this.
The wind in the North Pole close to the equator is known as the North East Trade Wind and in the equatorial region of the South Pole is called the South East Trade Wind. In the northern hemisphere, warm air flows from the northeast and in the southern hemisphere, warm air flows from the southeast. This part is called “Hadley cell”. As the warm air reaches the equatorial region, it rises in the atmosphere and cools, and then moves northward and southward in the respective hemispheres as cold winds. Above 30° to 60° the air moves in the opposite direction – this part is known as Ferrel Cell. Above 60°, the air recirculates in the polar region. This place is known as Polar Cell.
If we consider that there are 100 KM atmospheric fields covering the Earth’s surface, it should be remembered that we experience all the wind fluctuations in the 4-5 KM part of the atmosphere close to the Earth’s surface and above that more than 95% of the atmosphere is spread. But solar radiation hitting the Earth and reflecting heat fluctuations can unravel the mystery.
Let’s take a closer look at the hot wave/wind and low pressure cyclone that we hear and experience the most in recent times. In the past few years, Canada, Europe etc. have been experiencing extremely hot winds. The people of those regions where the temperature does not exceed 18° on average, if the temperature increases by one or two degrees, it is very uncomfortable and their lives are likely to be in danger. Being close to the North Pole, sunlight (radiation) is slanted towards those areas that are mostly snowy and cold – like the Sun torching the Earth from afar – as science has taught us, it’s hard to explain how the Sun’s extreme heat radiation can only occur in a small area of land in the aforementioned places – a possibility early on. The curvature of the said ferral cell like convex lens (convex lens) that focuses the solar rays to a certain part must happen – but such a story / explanation has not been put forward by the scientific community. But it is important to note that the extreme heat experienced in the upper regions has been repeated recently.
Low Pressure Cyclone – Known as hurricanes and typhoons in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as cyclones, is a large form of wind that can cause atmospheric changes in a nearby area.
The low pressure that suddenly forms on the sea floor (assuming that the sun may have turned its eyes on that part and heated it excessively) and the air from the surrounding parts starts moving there and gradually forms like a very wide umbrella. A rapidly developing low pressure region sits in the center of this vortex, depending on the heat. That central point, known as the eye of the vortex, is sometimes 50 km in diameter. As the cyclone gathers strength, the tropical air from the respective hemispheres and the cold air from the adjacent regions gather together, the outflow from the center becomes larger and the speed and mobility of the gyre increases… All the vapor rising from the sea water becomes part of the gyre through this rotation, which cools it and causes strong winds and rain.
With the formation of a cyclone, the direction of the cyclone, the speed of the wind, the amount of rain clouds and the intensity of the rain that can be produced by the cyclone is determined by the careful examination of the pressure changes created around it.